ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122263.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anaphylaxis and death can result from this allergy, particularly with medical uses of latex

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122264.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The careful transfer of patients with complex cardiac lesions from paediatric to adult services is vital

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122265.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The political acknowledgement of general practice has been the most significant change in Australian health care in the 1990s

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122266.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of latex allergy in dental workers.DesignQuestionnaire survey of staff of a dental school.SettingThe Westmead Dental School, a large dental facility in western Sydney.Participants230 staff members of the Westmead Dental School (consisting of general and specialist dentists, chairside assistants and registered nurses, laboratory technicians, dental therapists and hygienists) received questionnaires.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of latex allergy, defined by prompt onset of hand urticaria with or without generalised symptoms, and the prevalence of hand dermatitis and other glove‐related symptoms. Also, the relationship between latex allergy and associated atopic status.Results177 staff (77%) responded by the set collection date; 33% reported symptoms related to wearing gloves and 22% satisfied the criteria for glove dermatitis. Sixteen respondents (9%) reported characteristics suggestive of latex‐glove allergy.ConclusionsConfirmation of the 9% prevalence of latex allergy among dental workers will require further studies incorporating an objective measure of IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122267.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo estimate age at HIV infection among homosexually active men in Australia.DesignAge‐specific back‐projection estimates of HIV incidence.MethodsMonthly counts of AIDS among homosexually active men diagnosed by 30 June 1994 and reported by 31 March 1995 were obtained from the National AIDS Registry and were adjusted for reporting delays. The progression rate to AIDS was estimated from a large cohort study of HIV‐infected homosexual men, with adjustment for the effect of age at HIV infection and the effect of antiretroviral and prophylactic treatments.ResultsThe median age at HIV infection was estimated to have decreased from 31 years of age between 1982 and 1984 to between 23 and 27 years in the periods 1987 to 1989 and 1990 to 1994. Despite the trend to a younger median age at HIV infection during the current epidemic, HIV incidence was estimated to have declined in all age groups from a peak in the mid‐1980s. This decline was more pronounced in the older age groups, with more modest reductions in age groups under 30 years.ConclusionMost HIV infections among homosexually active men since 1987 appear to have occurred in men aged under 30 years. This has implications for education programs aimed at preventing HIV infection among homosexually active men.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122268.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of malignant ulcers in patients presenting with leg ulcers.DesignA descriptive study from data collected between July 1988 and June 1995 from 981 patients (2448 ulcers) attending a leg ulcer clinic.SettingA specialised leg ulcer clinic at a tertiary teaching hospital.Subjects43 patients with 55 malignant skin lesions.Outcome measuresTissue biopsies in ulcerated lesions that suggested malignancy or were not responding to appropriate treatment.ResultsForty‐three patients were found to have malignant lesions on the legs, giving a frequency of malignant ulcers of 4.4 per 100 leg ulcer patients, or 2.2 per 100 leg ulcers. Seventy‐five per cent of the malignant ulcers were basal cell carcinoma and 25% were squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionsMalignant skin changes are common in chronic leg ulcers. A biopsy should be taken from all suspicious ulcers or ulcers that do not respond to appropriate treatment.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122269.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology of WA MRSA (the recently recognised Western Australian strains of methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus)in the north of the Northern Territory (NT).DesignRetrospective survey of data from shospital records.SettingRoyal Darwin Hospital (a tertiary referral hospital that serves the north of the NT) between January 1991 and July 1995.SubjectsAll inpatients with clinical MRSA infection.Outcome measuresIncidence of MRSA infection, classification of MRSA as WA or EA (Eastern Australian) based on antibiotic susceptibility, patient demographic details (age, sex, ethnicity, region of residence), source of infection (nosocomial or community‐acquired).ResultsThere were 125 WA MRSA and 93 EA MRSA infections, comprising 7% of all S.aureusinfections. The incidence of WA MRSA infections consistently increased, while that of EA MRSA initially fell and then increased. All EA MRSA infections were nosocomial, while 50% of WA MRSA infections were community‐acquired. Rates of WA MRSA infections were highest in patients from the west region of the NT, adjacent to the Kimberley region of Western Australia (WA). Community‐acquired WA MRSA infections were more likely to affect Aboriginals than non‐Aboriginals (relative risk [RR], 25.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.51–53.47, based on population data; RR, 15.43; 95% CI, 7.85–30.32, based on admission data), as were nosocomial EA MRSA infections (RR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.44–4.47, based on population data; RR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.52–3.46, based on admission data).ConclusionsChanges in the epidemiology of MRSA infection in the north of the NT are consistent with the hypothesis that community‐acquired WA MRSA spread into and across the NT from the Kimberley region of WA. Alternatively, crowded living conditions, hygiene difficulties and increasing use of broad spectrum antibiotics may have led to independent emergence of WA MRSA in both regions. Current infection control policies and their use in rural Aboriginal communities must be reassessed.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122270.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122271.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peak flow monitoring is used to assist in establishing a diagnosis of asthma, to measure asthma severity, to assess the response to treatment and to recognise deteriorating asthma. This article describes the advantages and limitations of peak flow monitoring, practical aspects of peak flow meter use and the circumstances in which peak flow monitoring is most likely to ensure better patient outcomes. Recommendations are made for a written action plan, based on peak flow monitoring, for the effective management of asthma at home and treatment of asthma exacerbations.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122272.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY