ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142279.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142280.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142281.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To examine whether an increased level of chromosome damage occurs in the stimulated lymphocytes of radio‐linemen after long‐term but intermittent exposure to radio‐frequency radiation (RFR) during the course of their work.Design and participants:Chromosome studies were performed on blood samples from 38 radio‐linemen matched by age with 38 controls, all of whom were employed by Telecom Australia. The radio‐linemen had all worked with RFR in the range 400 kHz‐20 GHz with exposures at or below the Australian occupational limits, and the controls were members of the clerical staff who had no exposure to RFR. Two hundred metaphases from each subject were studied and chromosome damage was scored by an observer who was blind to the status of the subjects.Results:The ratio of the rate of aberrant cells in the radio‐linemen group to that in the control group was 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.8–1.3). There were no statistically significant differences in the types of aberrations that were scored.Conclusion:Exposure to RFR at or below the described limits did not appear to cause any increase in chromosomal damage in circulating lymphocytes.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142282.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To examine the mental health of parents after stillbirth (SB), neonatal death (NND) or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Design:The sampling frame from southeast Queensland was observed over 2.5 years. Control families were matched for birth date, sex of child, hospital and health insurance status.Setting:Home interviews, by specially trained social workers, took place two months after the death of the infant.Participants:Results were based on 918 responses from 260 bereaved families (99 SB, 109 NND, 52 SIDS) and 252 control families, with a 63.6% overall participation rate.Main outcome measures:Questionnaires included standardised measures of anxiety, depression, biographic and demographic data. It was hypothesised that subject families would show more symptoms of anxiety and depression than control families, with mothers and parents affected by SIDS having the highest levels.Results:Affected parents report significantly more psychological symptoms than controls, mothers more than fathers (P<0.001). Parents affected by SIDS showed more symptoms than other affected parents.High levels of anxiety were 14 times more likely in mothers affected by SIDS than controls (95% confidence interval, 5.4–36.6), with depression 12 times more likely (95% confidence interval, 3.8–43.5). Anxiety for groups affected by SB and NND were respectively 3.9 (2.1–10.5) and 6.5 (2.6–16.3) times more likely than for controls, and depression 6.9 (2.1–22.5) and 8.5 (2.7–26.7) times more likely. Differences were less marked for fathers, except for fathers affected by SIDS.Conclusions:Parents affected by stillbirth, neonatal death or sudden infant death syndrome manifest high levels of anxiety and depression two months after the death. Mothers have more symptoms than fathers, and parents affected by SIDS have the most symptoms of anxiety and depression.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142283.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To describe the results of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) antibody testing of blood donations in Australia.Design:Blood transfusion services tabulated the number of HIV‐1 antibody tests carried out on blood donations and the number of donations found to be positive, from 1985 to 1990.Setting:All blood transfusion services in Australia.Participants:All donors of blood in Australia from 1 May 1985 to 31 December 1990.Outcome measures:The proportion of blood donations found to have HIV‐1 antibody, according to State or Territory, year of donation and, when available, age, sex and donation status (repeat or first‐time) of the donor.Results:To the end of December 1990, 5 367 970 donations had been tested for HIV‐1 antibody, and 46 were found to have the antibody, giving an overall prevalence rate of 0.86 per 100 000 donations. The highest rate was recorded in New South Wales, followed by Western Australia, and four of eight Australian States and Territories reported no donors with HIV‐1 antibody. There has been no clear trend with time, but the rate is about 20% higher for 1989–1990 than for 1985–1986. Of donors found to have HIV‐1 antibody, 67% were male and 33% female, and 41 % reported no known or potential exposure to HIV‐1 other than heterosexual contact. Among blood donors in two major Australian cities, the overall prevalence of HIV antibody was higher in those who were male, younger, and first‐time donors. There has been a recent increase in the number of blood donors with HIV‐1 antibody who were women reporting heterosexual contact as their only potential exposure.Conclusion:The rate of HIV‐1 antibody in Australian blood donations remains very low and shows no clear temporal trend, but specific donor characteristics define higher rates of antibody prevalence.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142284.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To decide who should be monitored after exposure to household 240 volt 50 Hz alternating current electric shocks.Design and setting:Records of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Royal Perth Hospital for the period 1978–1987 were retrospectively reviewed. A literature review was also performed to compare previous findings with our own (Medline search; keywords — electrical injury, arrhythmia).Results:There were 20 patients in the series, and all patients survived the electric shock. Of the 18 who presented with no cardiovascular symptoms or electrocardiographic abnormalities, none developed arrhythmias while being monitored in the Intensive Care Unit.Conclusion:Routine cardiac monitoring is not required after electric shock with household alternating current if the patient is asymptomatic and has a normal electrocardiogram on presentation.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142285.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective:To outline the procedure of polysomnography as carried out in a sleep disorders unit in Melbourne and to describe the patients undergoing polysomnography in terms of their age and sex and the sleep disorder diagnosed.Design:A retrospective survey of consecutive patients who required diagnostic polysomnography.Setting:The Sleep Disorders Unit at Epworth Hospital, a large private hospital in Melbourne.Patients:Two hundred consecutive patients who underwent polysomnography over a seven‐month period. Their ages ranged from 19 to 77 years.Interventions:All patients had diagnostic polysomnography for one night in the sleep laboratory. This involved 12 to 14 physiological variables being monitored continuously overnight by means of a new digital recording and sleep analysis system.Main outcome measures:Patients were categorised according to their main sleep disorder or primary diagnosis. Additional sleep disorders in some patients were categorised as secondary diagnoses.Results:The commonest age group among both male and female patients was 40–49 years. Overall, men outnumbered women three to one. Almost two‐thirds of all patients had as their primary diagnosis some degree of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or simple snoring. The next most common diagnosis was periodic limb movement disorder. The remaining diagnoses included a variety of sleep disorders, from narcolepsy to sleep terrors.Conclusions:Despite its complexity and time‐consuming nature, polysomnography is an essential procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of sleep disorders. More sleep laboratories and a greater emphasis on the multidisciplinary teaching of sleep disorders medicine will be required in Australia.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142286.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142287.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142288.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY