ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127952.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The time is ripe for a National Diabetes Commission

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127953.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

New infectious risks have provoked a rash of activity in infection control: time now for a standard approach

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127954.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Higher taxes and honest economic calculations are needed

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127955.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

These children are invisible to the mental health system and their needs are being ignored

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127956.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo describe the reporting of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids in Australian teaching hospitals.DesignSurvey by questionnaire of the major teaching hospitals in Australia, December 1992.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were received from 88% of the 69 teaching hospitals in Australia. All responding hospitals reported an established procedure for reporting and managing occupational exposures to blood and body fluids and 82% indicated willingness to contribute data to a national monitoring project. Information concerning the actual incident was recorded by all hospitals and two‐thirds of hospitals had forms which specifically detailed exposure history. Patient and healthcare worker risk factors for HIV were recorded less frequently, but in 87% of hospitals blood tests were performed on both the staff member and source patient. Among 87 026 equivalent full time staff employed by the responding hospitals, 5803 injuries were reported in 1991. The median number of reported injuries as a percentage of equivalent full time staff was 7%. Estimates of non‐reporting ranged from 5% to 70% (median 25%). Prophylactic zidovudine was prescribed for 50 staff from 21 hospitals in 1991.ConclusionsAll Australian teaching hospitals have an established procedure for documenting occupational exposure to blood and body fluids. Although there is limited standardisation at a national level, the information already collected and the willingness to participate indicated by a large number of teaching hospitals are sufficient for a national surveillance mechanism to be established.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127957.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and use of medical services in a South Australian rural community.DesignSurvey based on structured self‐administered questionnaires.SettingRiverland region of South Australia, between May and November, 1991.SubjectsA probability sample of 1009 residents (71.1%) response stratified for age and sex (with replacement) aged 18 years and over from the State electoral roll.Outcome measuresDSM‐III‐R‐defined psychiatric disorders diagnosed by means of the University of Washington's Diagnostic Interview Schedule Screening Instrument (DISSI), physical disorders and use of health and allied services.ResultsTwenty‐six percent had at least one psychiatric disorder in the six months before interview. Prevalence did not differ with sex or age, but was higher in the unemployed (P= 0.0001). Those with a current psychiatric disorder were significandy more likely to report a lifetime physical disorder (P = 0.0001). The most common disorders were major depression and dysthymia (10.8%), anxiety disorder (9.8%), phobic disorder (7.8%), alcohol abuse and dependence (7.0%) and somatisation syndrome (5.3%). During the year before interview, 88.5% of those diagnosed with a current psychiatric disorder had consulted a general practitioner and 4.2% a psychiatrist or psychologist.ConclusionThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the Riverland region was comparatively high. General practitioners were the primary care‐providers for those with psychiatric disorders. These issues need to be addressed by service providers and health planners.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127958.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of self‐reported diabetes in a representative population sample in Australia; to identify major differences in prevalence by State and Territory and by geographic origin; and to compare trends in prevalence over time.Design and settingAnalysis of data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in the 1989‐90 National Health Survey. The sampling frame (22 202 households and 54241 people) ensured adequate representation from each State and Territory in Australia.ResultsPrevalences of self‐reported diabetes/high blood sugar levels were 1.9% for males and 2.0% for females over all ages; 3.1% for men and 2.9% for women aged over 25 years; and 8.1% for men and 6.9% for women aged over 65 years. Interstate differences of borderline significance were found and will require validation in larger samples. Age‐standardised prevalences were higher in subjects born in Southern Europe and lower in those born in Western Europe compared with Australian‐born subjects. Prevalences were high in households where the language spoken was other than English. The frequency of self‐reported diabetes appears to be rising.ConclusionAustralia has comparatively low total prevalences of selfreported diabetes/high blood sugar levels. High prevalence subsections exist, including the elderly and certain migrant groups.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127959.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo study the morbidity and mortality of inflammatory bowel disease in Australia and whether it decreases life expectancy.DesignA retrospective review of patient case notes from two Sydney teaching hospitals and the consulting rooms of the 17 gastroenterologists appointed to these hospitals, examining all presentations with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease from January 1977 to September 1992.Results: 997 cases were identified: 533 with ulcerative colitis, 417 with Crohn's disease, and 47 with indeterminate colitis. In patients diagnosed from 1977 onwards (n = 730), no difference in survival was demonstrated for inflammatory bowel disease overall, or any subgroup, or in males or females, as compared with an age‐and sex‐matched control population. Gastrointestinal malignancies occurred in 19 cases (18 colorectal carcinoma and one cholangiocarcinoma). The most commonly encountered problems were the use of immunosuppressants and the need for surgery. Inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn's disease, entails appreciable morbidity.ConclusionSince 1977, despite a significant requirement for medical and surgical treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, there has been no adverse effect on survival in a specialist‐referred cohort as compared with the general population.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127960.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb127961.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY