ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104080.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104081.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104082.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1980, the incidence of malaria among Southeast‐Asian refugees arriving in South Australia rose substantially to 22.0 cases/1000 arrivals. All these cases were caused by Plasmodium vivax, and the majority occurred in the small proportion of refugees who had arrived by way of Indonesian camps of asylum (59.2 cases/1000 arrivals). The commencement of an eight‐week prophylactic regimen with primaquine (22.5 mg/week) and chloroquine (300 mg/week; 600 mg first dose) by 1388 refugees proved significantly effective in reducing the incidence of malaria among this population. The regimen was administered without the assessment of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase levels, and a transient haemoglobinuria occurred in only one refugee. Other side‐effects were minimal when the administration of drugs was delayed until several days after the arrival of the refugee in Australia.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104083.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To study the personality of mothers whose children had suffered from child abuse in the past, a group of 36 such mothers was compared with a control group of mothers matched for social class. There was no difference between the two groups in pregnancy experience, in general health or in the number of family problems they had. The mothers from the study group had higher expectations for their children and perceived their children as having more personality problems than did the control mothers. The study‐group mothers were less likely to have been brought up by their own parents, had more negative feelings towards their fathers, and were more likely to have received help for an emotional disorder than the control mothers. On formal testing, they were more likely to have suspicious, assertive, and demanding personality characteristics. As the majority of abused children remain in their natural families, these maternal factors are likely to influence the emotional development of their children. The children, as well as the parents, from families where child abuse has occurred should receive long‐term supportive treatment to try to ameliorate some of the effects of these parental characteristics.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104084.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Occupational repetition strain injuries (RSI) are a major, unchecked source of disability in industry and commerce, and have considerable social and economic consequences. The long‐term morbidity associated with these injuries is preventable, but a coordinated approach to awareness, diagnosis, management, and prevention has been lacking. Confusing diagnostic terminology on medical certificates makes it difficult to obtain accurate data on the incidence and prevalence of different types of reptition injury. The terminology in use at present includes RSI, “tenosynovitis” and “overuse injury”. Uniformity of diagnosis on an anatomical basis in relation to repetition or static load would greatly assist in epidemiological study, and improve notification and the impact of prevention programmes. Therefore, the Occupational Repetition Strain Injuries Advisory Committee, which was convened by the Division of Occupational Health, New South Wales Government Department of Industrial Relations, has prepared a set of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these injuries.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104085.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis is an uncommon condition which, if unrecognized, carries a high rate of mortality. This study of 12 patients highlights the clinical features as well as the poor outcome of delayed surgical decompression. Endoscopic and percutaneous drainage of the obstructed biliary tree in acutely ill patients may improve the results of subsequent surgery.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104086.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hepatic haemangioma is the most common vascular abnormality of the liver occurring in 0.4% to 7% of reported autopsy series. Its diagnosis is critical, as biopsy of these lesions can lead to catastrophic results owing to uncontrolled haemorrhage. Hepatic angiography is normally used for diagnosis. Previous reports of attempts to confirm the diagnosis by non‐invasive means such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) have shown these tests to be nonspecific. The usefulness of the patient's own red blood cells labelled with technetium‐99m (99mTc RBC) in the non‐invasive diagnosis of hepatic haemangioma was investigated. After the intravenous injection of the isotope, flow, early static, and delayed static views were obtained. A flow study demonstrating decreased perfusion and a late blood‐pool study showing local blood volume markedly greater than that of the normal liver were characteristic of haemangioma.99mTc RBC studies are useful in the evaluation of focal defects in the liver when cavernous haemangioma is suspected. A diagnostic pattern is present in patients with cavernous haemangioma.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104087.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analysis of 91 commercial dietary “clear” fluids, including carbonated beverages, cordials, powdered drinks, jellies, fruit juices, fruit juice drinks, syrups, and soups showed a range of zero to 175 mmol/L of sodium, zero to 52.1 mmol/L of potassium, zero to 839 mmol/L of reducing sugars and an osmolality of 50 to 914 mmol/kg water. Home‐made oral rehydration solutions prepared by a group of mothers and medical staff members also showed unacceptably wide variability in their composition. The composition of products specifically indicated for the treatment of diarrhoea was also remarkably diverse, with a range of 24 to 100 mmol/L of sodium, 14.2 to 21.0 mmol/L of potassium, 45 to 326 mmol/L of glucose, and 170 to 460 mmol/kg water osmolality. On the basis of our current knowledge of water and electrolyte absorption, neither the commercial dietary “clear” fluids nor the home‐made solutions can be recommended for the treatment of diarrhoea. Of the therapeutic products, only “Unicef Oral Rehydration Salts” has been subjected to clinical trials and found safe and effective. However, the formulation of Diolyte appears appropriate for the treatment of mild diarrhoeal dehydration.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104088.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb104089.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY