ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104504.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104505.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104506.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs part of the World Health Organization MONICA Study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was estimated for Auckland (1982), Perth (1983) and Newcastle (1983). Measurements of blood pressure, blood lipid levels, the prevalence of cigarette smoking, obesity and other factors were obtained by similar methods in each centre from random samples of men and women aged between 35 and 64 years whose names were drawn from the electoral rolls. These risk‐factor levels were then compared with official statistics on mortality of all causes and of ischaemic heart disease for the three populations around the same time. There were substantial differences in mortality among the three centres. Death rates of all causes and of ischaemic heart disease were lowest in Perth and highest in Newcastle (except for all‐causes mortality for women, which was highest in Auckland). Compared with Perth, differences in the mortality rates of ischaemic heart disease were 27% higher for men and 35% higher for women in Auckland, and 44% and 95% higher, respectively, in Newcastle. Levels of risk factors showed the same pattern for Perth (lower) and Newcastle (higher) but were somewhat inconsistent for Auckland. The relative magnitudes of the differences in risk factors were less than for the differences in mortality. Thus, other risk factors, socioeconomic differences and differences in medical care may also contribute to the differences in ischaemic heart disease mortality rates and further explanations should be sought for the large differences among these cities.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104507.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA consecutive series of 107 patients with an intracranial arteriovenous malformation who were considered for surgical treatment over the 11‐year period between 1974 and 1985 is analysed. In 71 (66.4%) patients complete obliteration (which in some cases was combined with pre‐ or peroperative embolization) by surgery was attempted and was achieved in all but two patients. Five patients were treated by embolization alone and three patients by radiotherapy alone. Twenty‐eight patients were managed conservatively for one of four reasons: an expectation of a good outcome without treatment (six patients); the refusal of recommended surgical treatment (five patients); poor condition at presentation (eight patients); or the risks of operative treatment were thought to be too great (nine patients). There was a 9.9% mortality in the surgically‐treated series and significant morbidity in 16 (22.3%) patients. In all but two of these 16 patients, morbidity was related directly to the initial intracerebral haemorrhage. The one‐year mortality in the group that did not undergo operation was significantly higher than in those patients who were treated surgically. Some general guide‐lines for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations are proposed.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104508.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs part of a wider social and environmental impact study, we have investigated the current state of health and nutrition in children who were living in a remote Aboriginal community in far north‐west Australia. There was evidence of widespread mild‐to‐moderate malnutrition and a high prevalence of infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and trachoma. Low birth weight was significantly associated with the presence of undernutrition at five years of age. Our results suggest that malnutritionin uteroduring infancy and in early childhood and the factors which cause it may impair the growth of young Australian Aborigines permanently.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104509.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe clinical and pathological associations of hepatic granulomas in patients who presented to the Royal Adelaide Hospital between January 1, 1968 and February 29, 1984 were reviewed retrospectively. Cases of primary biliary cirrhosis were excluded. Of 59 patients with hepatic granulomas, clear associations with diseases were identified in 42 (71%) patients. These were sarcoidosis (seven cases), chronic liver disease (12 cases), biliary tract disease (three cases), tuberculosis (four cases), Q‐fever (three cases), other infections (four cases), drug hypersensitivity (four cases) and neoplasms (five cases). Ten patients had multiple associations and five other patients presented without any clearly defined cause for granulomas. Three of these latter patients presented with an acute febrille illness, showed hepatomegaly and had abnormal results of liver function tests. These cases may represent the entity that is labeled “idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis”. Two other patients abused alcohol. Granulomas were categorized morphologically as microgranuiomas, macrogranulomas and lipogranulomas according to their size, organization and the presence of fat droplets. Microgranuiomas were associated with diseases of short duration and less architectural disturbance of the liver parenchyma. The presence of granulomas did not confer any prognostic implication over and above that of the associated disease.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104510.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAlthough medication is used commonly in the treatment of agoraphobia with panic attacks, the actual drug‐prescribing patterns of the medical profession have not been well studied in this condition. The present study compares the prescribing patterns of general practitioners and psychiatrists in their treatment of agoraphobia with panic attacks. The medical records of 111 agoraphobic patients with panic attacks were analysed and divided into those who were referred by general practitioners and those who were referred by psychiatrists. Over all, in the treatment of agoraphobia with panic attacks, general practitioners prescribed drugs less often than did psychiatrists. They used fewer combinations of drugs and tended to prescribe tricyclic antidepressant agents in doses which generally are considered to be below the therapeutic range. This finding would suggest that general practitioners are less effective than are psychiatrists in prescribing for this condition as judged by current practice, although they are less likely to prescribe combinations of drugs — a practice which might well be to their credit.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104511.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104512.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMyalgic encephalomyelitis is a misnomer that describes epidemics of probable hysterical illness and bears no definite relationship to chronic fatigue and myalgia syndrome. The relationship of idiopathic fatigue syndromes to fatigue syndromes after well‐defined viral illnesses such as glandular fever is also unclear. Detailed studies of muscle histochemistry and biochemistry in idiopathic chronic fatigue and myalgia syndrome do not support a defect in intermediate metabolism. The aetiology of this syndrome is unknown and it is not yet clear whether it has an organic or a non‐organic basis.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb104513.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY