ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133579.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133580.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From a cohort of all 5760 male and 4979 female patients who were admitted to WA hospitals and were discharged with a diagnosis of asthma between 1976 and 1980,265 deaths in men and 189 deaths in women were identified by the end of 1982. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death for this cohort was 1.6 for men (P<0.001) and 1.7 for women(P<0.001). Both sexes showed a significant increase in deaths that were attributable to asthma (SMR, 57.9), chronic airflow obstruction (SMR, 9.3) and ischaemic heart disease (SMR, 1.3). The excess death rates for asthma were observed in all age groups, but those for chronic airflow obstruction and ischaemic heart disease were present in older age groups only. These findings indicate that asthma remains a potentially fatal disease in the Australian community. The excess mortality ratios for chronic airflow obstruction that were observed in patients who were admitted to hospital with asthma also suggest that asthma may result in irreversible airflow obstruction.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133582.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four hundred and sixty‐three men aged 18‐25 years were referred to a counselling programme in 1975‐1977, after their first conviction for an alcohol‐related traffic offence. Records of the Victoria Police, and those of the Motor Registration Board, were searched for subsequent alcohol‐related traffic offences up to February 1984. Those subjects who had left the State of Victoria or had died were identified, and a “survival” curve was constructed where survival implied freedom from reconviction for an alcohol‐related traffic offence. By means of Cox's proportional hazards model, the rate ratios of a number of predictor variables of recidivism were calculated; those of significance were the number of drinks per week, social class, and a history of “family troubles with drinking”. Reduction of alcohol consumption may be a more appropriate goal in programmes that are concerned with the counselling of young drinking‐drivers than is attempted modification of the drinking‐driving nexus.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133583.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Queensland “drinkers” in rehabilitation units have been compared with their counterparts on Merseyside, England. Substantial differences were found between the two populations: more drinkers in Queensland were divorced or separated, fewer were employed and far fewer expected to return to their families after discharge from the units. Queensland families were reported as more often unaware of the drinking, more rejecting and less concerned. Where the drinker was still living with family members, they were less aware of alcohol‐related physical symptoms and put less pressure on the drinker to eat properly. Information that was provided by Queensland family members about a drinker's eating behaviour could be interpreted as indicative of an optimistic response style. Underinvolvement and optimism are put forward as characteristics of Queensland families where one member is a problem drinker. These characteristics are likely to have an adverse effect on the resolution of problem drinking.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133584.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A community‐based programme of planned early postnatal transfer home with the continuity of hospital nursing care was instituted in a defined geographic area of the western suburbs of Sydney in 1983. Mothers were offered the option of discharge in 24‐48 hours after delivery, with home visits by a hospital midwife, subject to certain medical and social criteria. An evaluation of the programme in terms of morbidity, psychosocial impact on the family and costs was undertaken. For evaluation, a quasiexperimental study of parallel groups was designed in preference to randomized selection as it was believed that the personal choice would be fundamental to the success of the scheme. A contemporary control group was achieved with volunteer mothers who opted for the traditional five‐ to seven‐day hospital stay. Studies of maternal response and the partner's response and adjustment were undertaken, including the administration of questionnaires that were designed to detect the presence of mild postnatal depression. No increased morbidity occurred in the early discharge group. The early discharge group performed more favourably on the questionnaire that was designed to measure their postpartum adjustment. Continued postnatal domiciliary surveillance reduces the risk that early neonatal pathological changes, especially jaundice, may be overlooked.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133585.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the period 1973 to 1982, 35 patients with carcinoma of the anal canal were seen at this hospital. The main form of treatment was abdominoperineal excision, unless specific contraindications to this procedure were present. Between 1982 and 1984, a further 18 such patients were seen; the primary method of treatment then was combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Abdominoperineal excision was reserved for those patients who failed to respond to therapy or whose carcinoma recurred during the period of follow‐up. The over‐all five‐year survival rate for the first 35 patients was 50%; the actuarial disease‐free survival at two years for those who went into complete remission was 78% in the 18 patients who were seen in the second part of the study. We conclude that conservative treatment by chemoradiation is of value in the management of anal carcinomas.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133586.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133587.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the last 20 years, much has been written on the morbidity that results from disasters. However, it is only since 1980 with the introduction of the “new” diagnostic category of “post‐traumatic stress disorder” in the third edition of theDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disordersof the American Psychiatric Association (DSM‐III) that a specific diagnosis has become available for many of the victims of such disasters. While, as a condition, it has been recognized from antiquity, it has lacked official recognition in the nomenclature and has tended to be viewed, particularly between the end of World War II and the introduction of DSM‐III, as a transient disorder. A description of the disorder is followed by a discussion of its relevance with particular reference to papers by Australian and New Zealand authors.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133588.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133589.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY