ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122905.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122906.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122907.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of the health and psychosocial problems of all victims of the 1983 South Australian Ash Wednesday Bushfires was carried out 12 months after the disaster. A total of 1526 victims completed an extensive questionnaire that included the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire and a self‐reporting check‐list of specific health problems. The data received indicated a significant increase in stress‐related conditions, including hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, and mental illness, while the prevalence of non‐stress‐related conditions such as cancer or urological disease were not increased significantly. Health problems increased during the 12 months following the bushfire and diminished toward the end of that period, but a large number of difficulties remained. Certain disaster experiences, particularly the type of loss suffered, were found to be significantly related to health.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122908.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Annual mortality from malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MMP) in Australia (as represented by ICD8 codes 163.0 and 212.4, and ICD9 codes 163 and 212.4) increased in men aged 30 years and older from about 0.5/100 000 in 1968–1970 to 2.1/100 000 in 1983. Corresponding rates in women varied from 0.1/100 000 to 0.2/100 000 between 1968 and 1980, then rose to 0.3/100 000 in 1983. The rise in MMP mortality in men probably corresponds to the increasing use of asbestos, particularly amosite, in Australia during and after World War II. That production and importation of amosite and crocidolite in Australia reached a peak in 1958 may mean that peak mortality from MMP will not be reached until the 1990s (allowing a 35‐year lag period). Substantial increases in importation and later production, of chrysotile in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s may lead to increases in the incidence of other asbestos‐related cancers, not reflected in trends in the incidence of MMP.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122909.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Examination of the dietary habits of a group of adults embarking on a two‐year fitness programme (the “Adelaide 1000”) showed that, although many of their dietary habits were more consistent with national dietary guidelines than those of a comparison community group, their overall intake of nutrients was similar. The major difference was a substantially higher rate of dietary supplementation with vitamin and mineral preparations in the fitness group. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to public understanding of dietary principles and to the provision of practical nutritional guidance in conjunction with fitness programmes.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122910.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122911.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has recently been re‐examined in randomized, double‐blind controlled trials. Although a variable placebo influence has been demonstrated, the effectiveness of ECT in severe depression is now well established. ECT may also have a role in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia. A bilateral convulsion is essential for therapeutic efficiency. Unilateral electrode placement is as effective as bilateral placement and reduces subsequent memory impairment considerably. A reduction in the total electrical energy used to produce the convulsion (with unidirectional squared wave forms and brief pulses) lessens cognitive difficulties after ECT. Long‐term memory is not impaired but selective impairment of verbal and non‐verbal learning can occur in the short term. Psycho‐pharmacological studies suggest that postsynaptic dopamine transmission may be enhanced by ECT.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122912.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There have been major advances over recent years in the endoscopic investigation of the gastrointestinal tract. The annual number of radiological and endoscopic procedures in a 700‐bed university hospital over seven years has been reviewed. The average annual number of barium meal examinations decreased by 67%, while the number of gastroscopies increased by 36% over the same period. Similarly, colonoscopy rates increased and fewer barium enema examinations were performed. The procedural work‐load of the Gastroenterology Unit has more than trebled over the seven years. These changes, together with other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, should decrease the need for surgery and reduce the length of stay in hospital.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122913.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122914.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY