ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116328.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116329.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116330.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the United States there has been an increase in mycobacterial infections that is attributable to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since 1983, when the first case of AIDS was reported in Australia, there have been 523 patients (to June 30, 1987) notified with group‐IV AIDS and, of these, 361 (69%) cases have been in New South Wales. Of these 361 notifications, 59 (16%) patients have had concurrent mycobacterial infection. Seven of these patients hadMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection and five of these infections occurred in 1986. This means that, in 1986, patients with group‐IV AIDS had a rate of infection withMyco. tuberculosisof 3000 per 100 000 population, compared with 5.2 cases per 100 000 population for New South Wales. We sought to determine whether or not there was any unexplained increase in notifications which might be attributable to AIDS. This paper reports cases that were notified to the AIDS and tuberculosis registers, finds that atypical mycobacterial infections are underreported by at least 19.5%, and examines trends in notifications for mycobacterial disease since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. It also raises the importance of appropriate measures to protect health workers from tuberculosis.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116331.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether the interns who staffed a hospital casualty department identified correctly four common health risks among their patients. When compared with patients who were attending general practitioners, patients who attended the casualty department were more likely to be cigarette smokers. They were also more likely to be heavy drinkers of alcohol and to score highly on a standardized measure of psychological disturbance. Women were less likely to have undergone a Papanicolaou smear‐examination within the previous two years. The interns, who were the subjects in this study, failed to identify 56% of the smokers, 84% of the heavy drinkers, 35% of the psychologically‐disturbed patients and 95% of the women who had not undergone a Papanicolaou smear‐test in the last two years. The findings were in contrast with the interns' own opinions on what would constitute good‐quality care in this setting. The subjects were just beginning their internship at the time of the study. Their failure to integrate important questions about common health risks suggests that their undergraduate training has been deficient in this area. The internship is the last formal opportunity to correct this deficiency before these doctors are registered for independent medical practice.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116332.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixteen serotypes ofSalmonellaspp. were isolated from 37 (26.8%) of 138 orphaned kangaroo and wallaby pouch‐young which were in the care of guardians in north Queensland.Sal. lansing, Sal. virchowandSal. wandsworthwere the most prevalent serotypes. Orphaned macropodid joeys are a potential source of zoonotic infection forSalmonellaspp. and recommendations to reduce the risk of transmission to humans are presented.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116333.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report the results of a survey of the attitudes and practices of doctors in Victoria with respect to requests for active help in dying from patients who were suffering from a terminal or incurable disease. Questionnaires were sent to 2000 Victorian doctors who had been selected at random, 869 of whom returned completed questionnaires. The survey indicates that a clear majority of those who responded to the questionnaire support active voluntary euthanasia and that many doctors have provided active help in dying. Forty per cent of doctors indicated that they would practise active voluntary euthanasia if it were legal. We compare the results of our survey with a recent telephone survey of British general practitioners.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116334.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cardiovascular disease imposes a major burden on our community through its high morbidity, mortality and health‐care costs. Elevated cholesterol levels have been recognized increasingly as an important and modifiable risk factor for this disease. We assessed the impact of a reduction in cholesterol levels in our community and compared its importance with the reduction of another major risk factor for this disease, namely, smoking. Results from this analysis indicate that a greater proportion of cardiovascular disease can be attributed to elevated cholesterol levels compared with smoking in our population. This difference is due largely to the prevalence of elevated cholesterol levels in the community. Evidence from international studies indicates that a 5% reduction in the cholesterol level of Australians is a realistic health target for the population and that this reduction would lead to a major reduction in the burden of cardiovascular disease and to substantial economic savings. This paper provides further evidence to support the National Heart Foundation of Australia's recommendations for a reduction of cholesterol levels in the Australian population.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116335.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116336.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of calcium in age‐related bone loss still is controversial. However, evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis that an adequate calcium intake early in life, because of its relationship to peak bone mass, may be of greater importance than is the calcium intake in later life. Calcium intake would appear to be declining with age due to the changing food habits that are associated with social and technological change. This is explained partly by the increasing concern about obesity in Western society, with the trend for women to restrict their energy intake, rather than to increase their energy expenditure, to control weight. Thus, low energy intakes and the avoidance of dairy foods have contributed to the declining intakes of calcium and other minerals. Health educational programmes, which are designed to prevent osteoporosis and which identify women who are most at risk of the disease, should provide sensible nutritional advice on an adequate calcium intake and regular weight‐bearing exercise among other life‐style changes.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb116337.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY