ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127548.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Unavailability of mifepristone represents a neglect of Australian women's health

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127517.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Meta‐analysis of clinical trials shows that f/uoxetine does not cause or increase suicidal behaviour or violent acts

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127518.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new Australian publication highlights the impact of social welfare on health

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127519.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo estimate the direct cost to industry of absenteeism attributable to drinking alcohol and smoking.DesignReview of sick leave and superannuation data in the staff records of Telecom Australia (nearly 80000 staff) for the financial year 1991‐92 to identify illnesses related to alcohol or smoking. Costs were calculated by reference to tables of aetiological fractions, which statistically attribute a proportion of an illness to alcohol or smoking.Main outcome measureThe cost of employee absences attributable to alcohol or smoking expressed in the value of the person's daily salary.ResultsIllness attributable to smoking or alcohol accounted for 25% of sick leave. The estimated costs were $5 S00 000 for alcohol and $16 500000 for smoking. The total cost of $22 000000 averages $275 per employee per year. If this cost is extrapolated to the rest of the Australian workforce, the total would exceed $2 000 000 000 a year.ConclusionLimitations in the data mean that our results are likely to be underestimates. The direct costs to industry of ill health caused by alcohol and smoking are substantial and warrant preventive and rehabilitative programs.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127520.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo examine the potential of an adapted gamma camera to image cardiac uptake of the positron emitting glucose analogue fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).DesignPostprandial studies were performed in 19 patients (mean age, 56 ± 9 years) with coronary disease and resting cardiac dysfunction who had undergone a routine clinical 7 minIview planar thallium‐201 (Tl‐201) stress reinjection or rest redistribution study. A glucose/insulin protocol was used and, an hour after FDG injection, 15‐minute static planar myocardial images were acquired in the four views used for Tl‐201 scanning.ResultsThe diagnostic quality of FDG images was at least as good as that of their Tl‐201 counterparts, with less liver background in all but one FDG study. In the left anterior oblique 45° view uncorrected global myocardial FDG and stress Tl‐201 counts were similar, but the FDG study had significantly higher peak myocardial to background ratios.ConclusionAssessing regional cardiac FDG uptake and myocardial perfusion seems feasible with conventional gamma camera technology, providing a widely available and cost effective means of detecting hiber‐nating myocardium. Similar equipment may appreciably reduce the need for positron emission tomography in a range of clinical conditions.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127521.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of asthma, hay fever and atopy in Asian immigrants in Melbourne with that in Australian‐born non‐Asians and Australian‐born Asians, and to investigate the association of these conditions with atopic status, length of stay in Australia and IgE levels in Asian immigrants.DesignWe performed a cross‐sectional study by telephone interviews, using standard questionnaire items on respiratory and allergic symptoms. A random sample of 636 recent Asian immigrants of ethnic Chinese origin, 109 Australian‐born Asians and 424 Aus‐tralian‐born non‐Asians were selected from the 1991 Melbourne Telephone Directory, using a presumptive surname list. Skin tests to determine atopic status were performed on 269 Asian immigrants and 167 of these also had serum levels of total and specific IgE estimated.ResultsIn the under 20 years age group the prevalence of wheeze or asthma ever was higher in Aus‐tralian‐born non‐Asians and Aus‐tralian‐born Asians than in Asian immigrants (P<0.001), and the prevalence of hay fever was higher in Asian immigrants and Aus‐tralian‐born Asians than in Australian‐born non‐Asians. In those older than 20 years, hay fever was almost twice as common in Asian immigrants as in Australian‐born non‐Asians(P<0.001 for 20‐40 years age group;P40 years).The prevalence of hay fever and, to a lesser degree, asthma in Asian immigrants increased significantly with length of stay in Australia, independent of age at arrival, sex and atopic status (trend test:P=0.05 for asthma). Atopy was more common in Asian immigrants and Australian‐born Asians than in Australian‐born non‐Asians (P<0.001) and was very strongly associated with both hay fever and asthma, irrespective of length of stay. Pollen and mite sensitivities were more common in Asian subjects (twice as common for Asian‐born and 1.5 times for Australian‐born) than non‐Asian subjects (P100IU/mL) was strongly associated with a history of hay fever (P<0.01) and wheeze or asthma ever (P<0.05), atopy (P<0.001) and the presence of specific IgE antibodies to grass pollen, dust mite, cockroach andAscarisantigens (P<0.05 for all).ConclusionWe found substantial differences in the prevalence of asthma, hay fever and atopy between Asian immigrants, Australian‐born Asians and non‐Asians. The prevalence of hay fever and asthma in Asian immigrants was strongly associated with length of stay in Australia, suggesting that environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127522.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127549.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesTo document and suggest possible reasons for a dra‐matic increase in the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Western Australia in 1992.PatientsChildren aged 0‐14 years with IDDM diagnosed in Western Australia from 1985 to 1992 inclusive.DesignA population‐based register in Western Australia, using name‐identified data from two separate ascertainment sources, provided numerator data. Denominator data were estimated from census figures collected in 1986 and 1991 by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The completeness of case ascertainment was estimated by the cap‐ture‐recapture method.ResultsCase ascertainment for 1985‐1992 was estimated as99.6%complete. Between 1985 and 1991 the incidence of IDDM in the 0‐14 year age group varied between 11.8 and 15.5 per 100 000 person‐years without a significant increase. In 1992, however, based on the previous seven years, 52 cases would have been expected but 84 cases were observed, an incidence of 22.2 per 100000 person‐years. The increase in incidence occurred across all age groups and in both sexes. Place of residence at diagnosis, the prevalence of islet cell antibody positivity at diagnosis and the proportion of new cases with a first degree relative with IDDM were no different in 1992 than in preceding years.ConclusionThis is the first report of a significant increase in the incidence of IDDM in Australia. It appears to be a period, rather than a cohort, effect and provides further evidence for environmental antigens as disease triggers.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127523.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesTo examine psychiatric morbidity, including substance use disorders, and service use in young people with experience of homelessness.DesignAcross‐sectional study of 34 new residents in a supported accommodation program in Melbourne. Current and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for theDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, third edition, revised (DSM‐III‐R). Use of psychiatric and related services was also assessed.ResultsOf the 21 women and 13 men (mean age, 18.1 years; standard deviation, 2.2 years), 50% had a current major DSM‐III‐R diagnosis, and 82% had a lifetime DSM‐III‐R diagnosis. The most common diagnoses were alcohol dependence, depressive disorders and cannabis dependence. Co‐morbidity was common. Few of the young people had sought or received any treatment for depressive or substance use disorders.ConclusionsYoung people with experience of homelessness have a high prevalence of depressive disorders and substance use disor‐ders, particularly alcohol and cannabis dependence. Despite this they have a low rate of service use. These findings suggest a need for closer interaction between mental health professionals and other agencies in the planning and provision of services to young homeless people.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127524.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY