ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124916.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If all infants were to sleep supine, in conditions which ensured that the head could not become covered, the incidence of SIDS in Australia could fall to less than 0.4 per 1000 live births

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124917.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Upsetting the balance of the regulators of cell survival and cell death may lead to motor neurone Joss

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124918.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite some apparent advantages of home chemotherapy, clinical trials of its outcomes are necessary before it can be advocated

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124919.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Can surgery be justified for all patients with this disorder?

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124920.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and to analyse the cost‐effectiveness of home treatment, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, for cancer patients.DesignA restrospective overview of a home oncology nursing service over its first five years (1989‐1994), and a detailed cost analysis over 12 months, firstly, by comparing direct costs of chemotherapy administration at home or in the hospital's day treatment ward and, secondly, by assessing the marginal cost of treating home care program patients in the hospital versus the total cost of the home care program.Patients and settingPatients of the Haematology/Oncology Unit of a metropolitan teaching hospital treated either at home by an experienced oncology nurse, or in the hospital day care ward.InterventionPatients were offered treatments, including chemotherapy, at home rather than in hospital.Main outcome measuresSafety, assessed by the rate of major complications (i.e., requiring any patient to be admitted to hospital), and cost‐effectiveness, assessed by comparing expenditure in the home and hospital settings.ResultsOver five years, there were 5444 home visits to 424 patients, including 1688 chemotherapy administrations to 179 patients. Only two of the 424 patients decided against continuing in the home program once it had begun. There were no major complications. The average cost of home chemotherapy administration (excluding drugs) was $49.91, compared with $116.00 in hospital. The cost of treating patients at home was $5.09 per patient more than the “marginal cost” of treating these patients in the hospital.ConclusionsHome anticancer chemotherapy is a safe and economically realistic alternative to traditional in‐hospital treatment. Efforts should be made to overcome budgetary and administrative barriers to more widespread adoption of this model of care.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124921.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo review the clinical course of haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children admitted to Brisbane children's hospitals between April 1979 and October 1995.DesignRetrospective case survey.SettingRoyal Children's Hospital and Mater Misericordiae Children's Hospital (the two major children's hospitals in Brisbane).SubjectsAll children hospitalised for HUS.Outcome measuresClinical and laboratory features on presentation (including typical [diarrhoea‐positive, D+] or atypical [diarrhoea‐negative, D‐]presentation), clinical course, treatment and features on subsequent outpatient follow‐up (1, 3, 6 and 12 months later), renal outcome on long term follow‐up (3‐16 years later).Results55 children (aged 2 months to 13 years) were hospitalised for HUS, but no epidemic was detected. Seven children (13%) had D‐ presentations, including three (5%) with T‐activation caused by pneumococcal pneumonia. Thrombocytopenia was more severe and prolonged in D‐ patients (P<0.01). Major complications occurred only in the D+ group (one patient died, and two had recurrences). Chronic renal failure was significantly more likely in patients with prolonged oliguria or hypertension in the acute illness and proteinuria or hypertension on follow‐up.ConclusionsThe clinical course and outcome in childhood HUS vary greatly and D‐ HUS is not invariably associated with a poorer prognosis than D+ HUS. Pneumococcal‐associated T‐activation is an important cause of D‐ HUS and should be actively sought to allow for appropriate therapy.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124922.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and nature of asthma in four rural Australian Aboriginal communities.DesignCross‐sectional population study.SettingFour Aboriginal communities in Queensland, the Northern Territory and South Australia, Australia.SubjectsData were collected from 1252 subjects aged 5‐84 years in August 1990 and August/September 1991.Main outcome measuresRespiratory symptoms, measured by interviewadministered questionnaire; airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), measured by histamine challenge; and allergy, measured by skin‐prick tests. AHR was a PD20FEV1of histamine of less than or equal to 3.9 μmol.ResultsThe prevalence of AHR in the four communities ranged from 2.2% to 7.5% and significantly increased with age (χ2trend test: P<0.05). The prevalence of current asthma was 0.5% among 8‐12 year old children and 3.3% among adults. The overall prevalence of atopy in the four communities ranged from 21% to 34%. Allergy to cats, house dust mites or cigarette smoking was a risk factor for AHR, and cat allergy was a risk factor for current asthma.ConclusionsThe prevalence of asthma in rural Aboriginal adults is low in comparison with the prevalence among non‐Aboriginal Australians, and asthma in Aboriginal children is almost non‐existent. The low prevalence of asthma is possibly due to environmental factors that influence the acquisition of atopy and AHR.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124923.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A patient with hypercalcaemia had persistently suppressed serum intact parathyroid hormone levels (measured by immunochemiluminometric assay). However, other biochemical tests and open‐neck exploration confirmed a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124924.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124925.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY