ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113055.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113056.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113057.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113058.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113059.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of factors influencing the place of death of patients seen by two medical oncology units is reported. There were 1295 recorded deaths of patients from the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, and 688 from The Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney during 1979‐1981; the places of death were known in 1724 instances (87%). Of these, 73% of patients died in hospital, 9% died in terminal nursing care (TNC) institutions, and the remainder at home. Factors influencing the place of death were the place of residence, age, home circumstances—social support, diagnosis, and interval from first contact with the medical oncology unit. Our data indicate that a complex interrelation of these factors determines the place of death. Improvements in community services may allow more patients with cancer to die at home or in TNC institutions, but a substantial proportion of these will still die in major hospitals. Therefore, there is a need for the improvement of palliative care services in these institutions.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113060.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The obstetric performance of 1719 pregnancies in mothers aged less than 18 years was compared to that of the rest of the obstetric population. There was a significantly poorer outcome in the adolescents in the mean birthweight, the prevalence of birthweight below 2500 g and of gestation period below 28 weeks, Apgar score, perinatal mortality and the occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. When the primiparous adolescent group (1607) was compared with primiparas aged 18–34 years (16 220), these differences were less marked. The two groups (adolescent and adult primiparas) were matched by marital status and socioeconomic class, and no significant differences were found in these parameters. It is concluded that biological ageper sedoes not confer an increased risk in pregnancy. The high proportion of primiparas in the adolescent group (93%), and the associated increased prevalence of high‐risk factors in this group (single marital status, low socioeconomic class, and smoking) would explain the poorer obstetric outcome in comparison with that of the total adult group.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113061.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nature and course of depressive disorders in a group of general practice patients were assessed by screening 564 subjects who attended representative practices in Sydney by means of a self‐report depression inventory. Of these, 25% of women and 17% of men reported significant depressive symptoms. An interview was sought with these “potential depressives” to determine, in particular, the extent to which they might be considered to have a psychiatric disorder, using the PSE case‐finding procedure. Of those interviewed, 83% scored as psychiatric “cases”, while the mean duration of their depression was nine months. A longitudinal component to the study suggested that the mental condition of the sample had improved minimally at six weeks' and at 20 weeks' follow‐up assessments.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113062.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experimental “healthy lifestyle programme” was initiated in Year 7 (first year of high school) in selected high schools in 1980 and was conducted over a three‐year period. The programme had two main objectives: (i) to influence attitudes and increase knowledge about health matters, in order to improve lifestyle; and (ii) to strengthen the general case for the more organized instruction of schoolchildren in this field. As part of the programme, children were given lessons on nutrition, physical activity and fitness, and on alcohol, tobacco and drugs. The programme was reasonably implemented in three of the four schools which took part in the experiment. Significant improvements, over three years, in attitudes and knowledge about health and nutrition and a reduction in cigarette smoking, were noted among children in schools where the programme had been implemented reasonably. The reasons for the partial success of the programme are discussed.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113063.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Metronidazole, in particular, and the other nitroimidazoles (tinidazole, ornidazole) available in Australia are well established drugs for the treatment of protozoal (trichomonal or amoebic) infections; recent data testify to their efficacy in the prevention and therapy of anaerobic infections. Administration by oral and rectal routes is indicated rather than by the intravenous route on the basis of efficacy, safety and cost; this recommendation is applicable to both loading and maintenance dosing. Intravenous administration should be restricted to emergency preoperative loading (single 500‐mg dose); to patients with proven anaerobic infections; patients with serious sepsis associated with an unidentified organism; patients who are unable to take medication by mouth and those without a functional rectum or with diarrhoea; and patients with leukaemia who are vomiting. These drugs are remarkably safe under conditions of acute use if the intravenous route is avoided. However, extreme caution in their long‐term use and use in obstetric and paediatric patients should be exercised until toxicological issues are resolved. It is concluded that the nitroimidazoles are effective, cheap and safe drugs for the short‐term treatment of protozoal and bacterial (anaerobic) infections.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb113064.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY