ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127586.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Providers must apply acceptable and responsible forms of control by quality assurance and technology assessment

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127554.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Heavy alcohol intake in pregnancy can damage the fetus; however, the fetus appears unaffected by light intake

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127555.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Too often, social disadvantage works against women and their children right from the start

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127556.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the extent of physical and psychological abuse of pregnant women in an Australian population.DesignAll women attending the public prenatal clinic of the Royal Women's Hospital (Brisbane) between 23 November and 18 December 1992 were interviewed and asked to complete a self‐report questionnaire on their history of abuse.ResultsOf 1014 women eligible to enter the study, 301 (29.7%) reported a history of abuse. Fifty‐nine (S.8%) had been abused during the pregnancy. The proportion of women admitting to abuse rose over the duration of pregnancy to 8.9% at 36 weeks. Medical treatment was sought for injuries related to domestic violence by 31% of those who reported abuse during the pregnancy. Marital status and education were both significantly associated with the prevalence of abuse.ConclusionDomestic violence towards women may continue or be initiated during pregnancy.RecommendationBecause most women will not reveal details about their experience of violence in the home unless asked, a relationship history should be included at the first visit along with medical, obstetric and other histories.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127557.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Common features of this disorder give clues to minimising its impact

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127558.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo explore the relationships between women's emotional well‐being after childbirth and several measures of the social context of motherhood.Design and participantsCase—control study of 45 women who were identified as depressed in a population‐based postal survey 8‐9 months after giving birth and 45 randomly selected women who were not depressed. At follow‐up about two years after the birth, the women were interviewed at home about their experiences of motherhood and their emotional well‐being since the birth. They also completed five standard questionnaires: Life Experiences Questionnaire; Toddler Temperament Scale; Social Support Questionnaire; Experience of Motherhood Questionnaire; and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.ResultsWomen in the case group were more likely to be depressed at follow‐up than women in the control group. They reported less practical and emotional support from their partners and saw themselves as having less social support overall. They had also experienced more negative life events since the birth, had poorer health and were somewhat more likely to have a “difficult” toddler.ConclusionsIt is important to take social context into account in understanding depression after childbirth and in helping mothers who are depressed.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127559.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between mid‐pregnancy maternal serum zinc and copper concentrations and neural tube defects.DesignA prospective case‐control study during 1978‐1988 within a statewide hospital‐based neural tube defect screening program measuring maternal serum a‐fetoprotein levels at mid‐pregnancy.SubjectsCases were 69 women with fetuses with confirmed neural tube defects. Controls were S92 women with fetuses without neural tube defects who were individually matched to cases for hospital, calendar date of screening, age and parity; there was a variable control‐to‐case ratio.ResultsFor both unmatched and adjusted matched analyses, mean maternal serum zinc concentration was higher in cases than controls (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively). There were no case‐control differences for serum copper concentrations. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed a (statistically non‐significant) 50% increase in risk of neural tube defects in women whose serum zinc concentration was more than two standard deviations above the population mean.ConclusionWithin the normal range of maternal serum zinc and copper concentrations there is no variation in risk of neural tube defects. However, women with very high serum zinc levels may have an increased risk of neural tube defects. This could reflect deficient maternal‐to‐fetal transfer of zinc in some of those individuals. Any such phenomenon would be manifest in observational, but not experimental, studies.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127560.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo measure changes over four years in musculoskeletal impairment in a group of healthy adults.DesignLongitudinal intervention study with repeated questionnaire assessments at entry, two and four years.SubjectsAdults who volunteered for a fitness program and complied with all three assessments (373 men and 259 women; mean age 42 years).ResultsThe general four‐year trend was an acceleration of musculoskeletal impairment of about 10% per year for three indicators. Movement limited activities increased to a similar extent in men and women; women showed greater increases in pain or discomfort and specialist consultations. For both sexes the most vulnerable anatomical locations were the lower back, neck and knees, while the most common activities associated with movement limitations were jogging and lifting. Pain or discomfort and movement limited activities were age related.ConclusionsThe findings justify anxieties about the increasing costs of musculoskeletal impairment, and highlight important questions about the nature, monitoring and control of such impairment.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127561.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127587.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY