ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133223.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133224.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133225.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drug analyses were performed on 200 blood samples that were taken for alcohol analysis from road users in Tasmania. Alcohol at a concentration of above 0.5 g was found in 75% of the samples, and other drugs were found in 17% of the samples. Cannabis was the most prevalent of these other drugs: it was detected in 6% of road users; benzodiazepine drugs were detected in 5% of road users; and barbiturate drugs were detected in 2% of road users. Alcohol was found in 50% and other drugs were found in 25%, of drivers, riders and pedestrians who were involved in road accidents that were serious enough to cause death or injury. In addition to alcohol, other drugs may be making a significant contribution to road accidents because all the drugs that were identified are capable of impairing psychomotor performance. Of particular concern is the prevalence of cannabis, which is an illegal drug, and barbiturate drugs, which are now prescribed rarely. A well‐controlled study is required to quantitate the contribution of drugs other than alcohol to road accidents. In the meantime, drivers should be warned that drugs that depress the central nervous system can be expected to impair driving ability and to increase the risk of an accident.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133226.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a sample of 1582 deaths among South Australian patients with cancer (795 deaths in 1981 and 787 deaths in 1985), 67% of deaths occurred in a hospital, 9% of deaths in a hospice, 10% of deaths in a nursing home, and 14% of deaths in a private residence. More patients died in a hospice or nursing home in 1985 than in 1981, and fewer died in a hospital. With increasing age, fewer patients died in a hospital and more in a nursing home. Compared with men, women were less likely to die at a private residence and more likely to die in a nursing home. A greater proportion of men with a living wife died at a private residence than was so among single or widowed men. However, conjugal status was not associated with the place of death of women. Patients who lived in the more affluent metropolitan suburbs tended more to die at a private residence than did those from poorer suburbs or country areas. Patients with haematological malignancies died in major metropolitan public hospitals more frequently than did patients with other tumours. Possible explanations are given for these findings.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133227.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Immunoblot (Western blot) examination of the sera of 45 patients with the Guillain‐Barré syndrome demonstrated that between three and five immunoreactive bands that were characteristic of a recentCampylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coliinfection were present in 22 of these patients. The immunoblots paralleled the serological response that is found in campylobacter enteritis and confirmed the specificity of our previous enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which indicates that antecedentC. jejuni/C. coliinfection is common in patients with the Guillain‐Barré syndrome. We postulate that, under certain circumstances, demyelination is initiated by the leakage of campylobacter‐specific antibody across the blood‐nerve barrier.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133228.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133229.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133231.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133232.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By applying the Framingham datato the distribution of blood pressure in the Australian population, it can be shown that almost half the morbidity from strokes and ischaemic heart disease that is attributable to blood pressure would be expected to occur in subjects who are “normotensive” by the current World Health Organization (WHO) definition. The steadily increasing risk with every increment of diastolic blood pressure above 70 mmHg supports the contention that the dividing line between “normotension” and “hypertension” is artefactual, and that the basic problem is the tendency for blood pressure levels to rise with age. The rise with age occurs exclusively and invariably in salt‐eating societies, and the most promising hypothesis that is awaiting evaluation is that this rise could largely be prevented by the universal adoption of the Australian Recommended Dietary Intake for sodium of 40‐100 mmol/day. Two factors that may limit the prophylactic effect of avoiding salt are self‐sustaining hypertension and teratogenic hypertension, both of which are seen when rats are fed salt. In Australia and several other countries it is already official policy to recommend a lower intake of salt. Although we support this, we consider that interventions with such massive implications are incomplete without a serious attempt to measure the outcome. Double‐blind conditions would be impossible, but a large‐scale population‐based trial with randomization would be feasible. The first stage of the trial should consist of a campaign of salt reduction in patients with established hypertension, in collaboration with medical practitioners and the food industry, because it is unrealistic to expect good dietary compliance from several thousand “normotensive” persons until those who want to avoid salt are catered for more adequately.

ISSN:0025-729X    

DOI:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133233.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY