摘要:

The effects on the visual system of rearing rhesus monkeys with monocular aphakia, corrected with extended-wear contact lenses were assessed with anatomical electrophysiological and behavioral methods. The major finding was that the effects of the various treatments on the aphakic eye varied in degree depending upon the amount of focused pattern input received by the aphakic eye compared to its fellow eye. The behavioral, electrophysiological and anatomical assessments of the treatment effects on the aphakic eyes correlated closely with each other. Because this experimental paradigm is similar to current clinical procedures for treating human infantile monocular cataracts it provides a nonhuman primate model for studying aphakia.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147189

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In accordance with former authors the arteries for the cervical esophagus originate mainly from the inferior thyroid artery. In a few cases additional vessels originated directly from the subclavian artery. After a variable course they approach the esophagus in a purely transverse direction. The uppermost vessels originating from the inferior thyroid artery may send branches to the posterior wall of the trachea and also supply the anterior wall of the esophagus. The surgical separation of the two organs is dangerous for the esophagus.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147190

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A thyroid vascular cast of the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was obtained by injection of Batson’s No. 17 plastic mixture into the ascending aorta. The cast was studied under the scanning electron microscope. It was found that each half of the gland is supplied by a large superior and a rather small inferior thyroid artery. After plunging into the gland, the arteries divide into smaller branches that are the interlobular, intralobular and follicular arteries (afferent vessels). The basket-like capillaries arising from the follicular arteries and encapsulating thyroid follicles are of large diameter and are arranged in a single layer. The follicular side of the capillary casts was observed to contain numerous small and some large projecting knobs compatible with the presence of fenestrations in the endothelial cells. On the other hand, endothelial nuclear imprints were found mainly on the stromal surface of the follicular capillary casts. Transfollicular capillaries connecting the adjacent follicular capillary networks were also observed. Blood from the follicular capillaries either drains into the follicular veins (efferent vessels) or abruptly drains into the intralobular veins before proceeding to intralobular and interlobular veins, respectively. The interlobular veins are collected into a few small superior, a few larger middle and a few even larger inferior thyroid veins. These veins drain directly into the laryngeal vein lying adj acent to the deep surface of the thyroid gland before joining the jugular vein. Venous valves were identified outside the thyroid gland. In addition, the glomerular capillary island of the parathyroid gland was often seen at the cranioanterolateral and sometimes at the cranioposterolateral aspect of the thyroid glan

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147191

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The architecture of desmin intermediate filament arrangements in cultured cardiomyocytes from heart of normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters was studied by immunofluorescent light microscopy and immunogold replica electron microscopy. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antidesmin antibodies were used in a biotin-streptavidin system. Immunofluorescent staining of normal and cardiomyopathic myocytes for desmin at 5 days in culture exhibited filamentous staining patterns with polyclonal antidesmin and a coarse punctate staining pattern with the monoclonal antibody. At 9 days in culture, most normal myocytes showed filamentous staining with the polyclonal antibody; many of the stained filaments were associated with Z lines. With the monoclonal antidesmin, these same cells exhibited a very fine ‘spotty’ staining pattern. These results suggest that the arrangements and immunoreactivities of intermediate filaments change during normal cardiac myocyte development. In cardiomyopathic cells, this pattern of rearrangement and immunoreactivity appears to be delayed or possibly nonexistent. The three-dimensional electron-microscopic observation of immunogold localization of desmin achieved by a deep-etching replica technique is made on both normal and cardiomyopathic cultured heart cells. Abnormalities of desmin filament arrangements in cardiomyopathic cells are confir

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147192

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Total body bone mineral content (TBBM) is a highly discriminating determinant of bone mass. We correlated TBBM with pelvis bone mineral content (PBMC) and pelvis bone mineral density (PBMD) in 179 normal men, in order to observe whether the pevis is an adequate region of bone mass evaluation. There was a good correlation between PBMC and TBBM (r = 927, p < 0.001), and significant correlations between PBMD and TBBM (r = 818, p < 0.001) and between PBMC and PBMD (r = 0.902, p < 0.001). As the pelvis does not undergo the densitometric changes so often observed in the spine, we believe that the pelvis is appropriate as anatomic region for bone mass evaluation studies.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147193

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The time of onset of the constrictive effect of indomethacin on the ductus arteriosus (DA) in fetal rats was assessed by measurement of the caliber of the DA after maternal treatment with indomethacin on days 19–21 of gestation. The day following overnight mating was regarded as day 0 of gestation. Observation was performed by direct exposure of the DA by hand shaving of intact frozen fetuses. On days 20 and 21 the DA was significantly constricted 3 h after maternal treatment with 1 mg/kg of indomethacin. When the DA was examined at 19½ and 19¾ days of gestation (3 h after indomethacin exposure), it was significantly constricted at 19¾ days but not at 19½ days. Higher doses of indomethacin (10 and 100 mg/kg) induced a significant constriction of the DA at day 19½, but not at the beginning of the same day (1.00 a.m.). These results suggest that the onset of the susceptibility of the DA to the constrictive effect of indomethacin occurs in the first half of day 19 of ges

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147194

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing perikarya and axonal processes were localized by preembedding electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry in the porcine small intestine. Immunoreactive well-defined type II neurons were localized in the plexus myentericus, and plexus submucosus externus and internus. In some cases, they were found in direct contact to the basal lamina surrounding the ganlion, thus being in close apposition to the interstitial space. The perikarya are generally larger than the immunogative nerve cell bodies and have a typical smooth outline. The electron-microscopic features of the labeled nerve processes investigated provide evidence for their axonal nature. These ultrastructural observations confirm previous light-microscopic results which showed that CGRP-containing nerve cells in the porcine small intestine belong to the neuronal population of the type II cells, the processes of which display the ultrastructural features of axons. A large number of reactive varicosities show synaptic specializations on immunonegative nerve cell bodies, suggesting that at least part of the type II neurons have post-synaptic effects on CGRP-negative neurons.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147195

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The localization of calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) was determined histo- and ultra-cytochemicaily in the gizzard gland cells of the adult domestic fowl. Surface and chief gland cells exhibited faint and inconstant basolateral activity in contrast to basal cells, whose basolateral cell membrane constantly showed deposition on the external side. Intracellular enzyme activity was localized on the luminal aspect of Golgi membranes in all types of gland cells. Lysosomes also reacted positive for Ca2+-ATPase. Neither membranes of secretory vesicles nor cortical cytoplasm of the secretory pole exhibited enzyme activity. From these results it is speculated that calcium is not essentially involved in the secretion of the koilin membrane in terms of storage of the secretory material, transport to the secretory surface and release into the lumen. Ca2+-ATPase activity rather seems to be related to differentiation and maturation processes and to intracellular storage of Ca2+.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147196

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Measurements of dry mass were made on developing human macrophages in suspension culture using a scanning and integrating microinterferometer. The mean dry mass (± SEM) of day 0 monocytes of 19 healthy individuals was 53.6 ± 2.4 pg. There was a significant increase in cellular dry mass over the period of culture mean values at 2 4 and 6 days being 61.1, 79.8 and 110.4 pg, respectively. A comparison of the results with those obtained previously by ultrastructural morphometry inferred that there is a disproportionate increase in the water content of macrophages during development. The technique may have potential for investigating changes in mononuclear phagocytes in clinical state

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147197

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The neurons of the dorsal periaqueductal nucleus of the mesencephalon and their synaptic contacts were observed under a transmission electron microscope. We found various types of synapses which constituted an exception to Cajal’s neuron theory (law of neuron independence). Some of these synapses had an open communicating or continuity ‘passage’ between the presynaptic bouton of a neuron (first neuron) and the postsynaptic portion of another neuron (second neuron). The ‘communicating’ passage (located in the synaptosome) is formed by the continuity of the presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane, and its limits or rims are the reflexion points of the membranes. When only two neurons intervene they could be termed ‘simple communicating synapses’. We found three types: I = communicating axosomatic synapses; 11 = communicating axodendritic synapses, and 111 = communicating axoaxonic synapses’. When three neurons intervene in the synaptic contact, they could be termed ‘complex communicating synapses’. In these the first and second neurons form a normal synapse but the lateral portion of the presynaptic bouton of the first neuron also enters into contact with a third neuron, with which it establishes an open communicating or continuity passage . The points of these passages are collateral to the synapse and may be in the presynaptic or pre-postsynaptic portions simultaneously, communicating collaterally with the third neuron. We found a further three types: IV = complex communicating axosomatic and dendritic synapses; V = complex communicating axoaxonic and somatic synapses, and VI = complex communicating axodendritic and double-somatic synapses. It is suggested that communicating synapses may constitute an exception to CajaΓs neuron theory, representing functional states for the acceleration, retardation or modulation of the synaptic function. The neurotransmitters would pass en masse through the communicating passage and the depolarization wave would pass through the rims without being retarded. In the simple communicating synapses, their action would be intensifying. In the complex communicating synapses, their action would be modulating or retarding, since the collateral communicating passage would function as an ‘escape valve’ through which part of the impulse reaching the presyna

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147198

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger