摘要:

A three-dimensional study of the development of the thyroid gland in human and guinea pig embryos was made together with a histological investigation of the foramen caecum of the human adult tongue. In the human embryo, an epithelial depression was not seen between the first and second branchial arches except a shallow sulcus. Ciliated cells were observed on the dorsal surface of the tongue in all embryos which exceeded 18 mm in crown-rump length. The presence of a foramen caecum was observed in 18 (51%) cadavers from 35 human adults. Several circumvallate papillae were found in a 10-mm-deep foramen caecum on the side adjacent to the anterior two thirds of the tongue. In all specimens serous glands open into the foramen caecum.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147107

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thirty-six vertebral arteries were examined for the presence of tortuosity in their trajectory through the neck. Of these, 18 vessels (14 bilateral) showed various degrees of tortuosity of their proximal segment. Four arteries had marked kinking of the tortuous vessel at the foramina of the transverse process of the axis. These foramina presented with marked erosion of the underlying bone. Four other axes presented with moderate erosion of the F/Tp. The etiology and clinical significance of tortuosity of the vertebral artery, and erosion of the F/Tp of the axes, are discussed in light of the extreme range of rotation occurring at the C1-C2 segmental level.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147108

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The morphology of the peroneus longus muscle of the Chinese quail was studied in relation to partial behavorial characteristics. On the basis of the actomyosin ATPase reaction after alkaline and acid preincubation, three fiber types are revealed. The indirect immunofluorescence, using specific antibodies against ‘slow’ myosin from the human vastus lateralis muscle, provokes a strong reaction on the small fiber type. The characteristics of the innervation revealed by the cholinesterase activity, concentrated in the synaptic gutters and the direct study of the nerve fibres, show focal, mono-axonal ‘en plaques’ endings, typical of the phasic motor

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147109

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The proximal colon of the rat is characterized by a ‘herring bone’ pattern of oblique mucosal folds (OMF) which are arranged in a parallel array. By light and electron microscopy the OMF exhibited rich subepithelial elastic system fibers which bound the epithelial basement membrane and the smooth muscle cells of the lamina propria together. The elastic system fibers usually consist of elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibers. However, the subepithelial elastic system fibers of the OMF were composed of relatively thin elastic fibers with a few microfibrils, and elaunin and oxytalan fibers which were almost indiscernible. Areas other than the OMF were quite poor in subepithelial elastic system fibers. The interpositions between each of the OMF were composed of typical components: elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibers. The composition of the subepithelial elastic system fibers of the OMF does not correspond to that of any other organs previously reported. The present study suggests that the OMF of the rat proximal colon might be equipped in such a way to resist to distension or compress

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147110

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A close microanatomical relationship between serotonin-positive mast cells and nerve fibres positive for substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and somatostatin has been observed in whole-mount preparations of rat mesentery by an immunofluorescent double-staining procedure. Peptidergic fibres have been shown either to run in close proximity or come in direct contact with mast cells. This supports earlier morphological and immunohistochemical results suggesting an innervation of mast cells and provides a structural foundation for a series of pharmacological studies which outline the influence of various neuropeptides on mast cell secretory activity.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147111

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To avoid artifacts, native nerve fibers were investigated by phase contrast light microscopy. It was shown that Ranvier’s nodes cannot be seen. At the sites at which they can be produced by thermal and chemical effects, a tight joint of the tube ends of the ‘internodes’ inverted to the inside are to be found. Some structures of Ranvier’s nodes do not exist in intact living nerves. This fact can also be proved by electron micr

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147112

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The branching pattern of the deep branch (ramus profundus) of the ulnar nerve and its relation with the target were analyzed in the human hand by an improved dissection method. After sending off branches to the hypothenar muscles, the r. profundus branched off an ulnar stem and a radial stem to the fourth, to the third and to the second intermetacarpal spaces, respectively, in this order, and an ulnar stem to the first to become terminal branches. The ulnar stems included an ulnar interosseous branch and a superficial articular branch in addition to a lumbrical branch in the third and fourth intermetacarpal spaces. The radial stems included only a radial interosseous branch. The branching pattern of the ulnar stems as well as its topographical relationship with the radial stems indicated a fundamental spatial arrangement of the branches in the intermetacarpal spaces: the lumbrical, superficial articular, ulnar interosseous and radial interosseous branches were arranged fundamentally in this order from ulnar to radial in each space; the first three branches may form a common trunk. The present observations demonstrate that individual nerves in the extremities may have a regular branching pattern, contrary to most of the previous observations.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147113

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Following injections of tracers into the caudate nucleus, the putamen or into both structures of the same cerebral hemisphere retrograde cell labeling in the nigral complex of the squirrel monkey has been analyzed. Our goal was to investigate a possible relation of the retrograde neuronal labeling in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with the histochemical compartmentalization of this structure detected with the aid of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) technique. Our results confirmed that in the squirrel monkey there was a very precise topography in the nigrostriatal projection system as a whole, and also in the nigrocaudate and nigroputaminal projection systems considered separately. In the cases with injections of two different tracers, we were not able to find any double-labeled nigral cell. Nigrocaudate and nigroputaminal projecting cells generally formed independent groups which at some nigral levels clearly interdigitated, as shown by the group of Parent. However, the presence of nigral cells labeled either by one or another tracer within the same histochemical compartment of the SNc confirmed that the segregation of nigroputaminal and nigrocaudate projecting cells did not explain the AChE compartmentalization of the SNc. Based on our experiments and on the literature we suggest that the histochemical compartmentalization of the SNc could be related, at least in part, to the subdivision of the striatum into AChE-poor striosomes and an AChE-rich extrastriosomal matrix.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147114

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The innervation of the red pulp in the spleen of horse and pig was investigated by electron microscopy. In addition, the neurilemma was studied by immunohistochemistry specific for S-100 protein. In the pig, a large population of smooth-muscle cells extending from the smooth-muscle trabeculae was present in the red pulp. The cytoplasmic processes of reticular cells enwrapped the smooth-muscle cells, and nerve fibres were distributed between the smooth-muscle cells and the reticular cells. The nerve terminals clustered toward the facing of the smooth-muscle cells. Nerve fibres and terminals were not disclosed within the sheathed artery. Immunohistochemically the neurilemma showed a reaction positive for S-100 protein. In the horse, no smooth-muscle cells were noted in the red pulp. The nerve fibres terminated around the cytoplasmic processes of the reticular cells. Nerve fibres and terminals were disclosed within the sheathed artery, and the terminals contained both large and small dense-cored vesicles. Immunohistochemically the neurilemma showed a reaction negative for S-100 protein. These findings support the presence of the axon-bearing reticular cells described earlier in the horse spleen.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147115

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two cadavers were dissected showing persistence of left-sided superior vena cava with atrial displacement and inversion of the venous drainage from the body wall (azygos system of veins). The presence of atrial displacement in relation to a persistent left superior vena cava observed in this study lends support to the view that haemodynamic factors influence the morphogenesis and development of the heart. The development of an asymmetrical venous pattern from a symmetrical venous drainage may be influenced by the same factors which influence the arterial end of the primitive heart tube.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000147116

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger