摘要:

Forebrain arterioles were analyzed histochemically to determine the effects of an acute administration of ethanol on key enzymes of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism as well as on the hexose monophosphate shunt in rats. The enzymes were glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxy-butyrate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. All enzymes were quantified under two conditions: 1 h and 2 days after ethanol administration. Significant changes were noted in four of the five enzymes measured after 1 h and in all five enzymes when measured 2 days after ethanol administration. Our data suggest that ethanol may cause impaired metabolism in the forebrain microvasculature, which, in turn, may account for some of the characteristic behavioral effects of acute ethanol administration.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146571

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred dry skulls of adult Chinese of both sexes were studied. They were homogeneous in the form of maxillary arch and having full eruption of the upper third molar, without missing teeth and malposition of teeth. Our findings revealed that the mean distance from the center of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) to the midsagittal plane of the hard palate was 16.00 mm, and to the posterior border of the hard palate, 4.11 mm. The location of the GPF related to the maxillary molars was expressed as percentage in 5 relations. We found that the most common location of the GPF was between the maxillary second and third molars (relation III: 48%) and less common was lingual to the maxillary third molar (relation IV: 33.5%). The usually accepted description of the GPF location was lingual to the second molar (relation II), but in our study this relative position occurred in only 17% of the skulls. The long axis of the greater palatine canal directing to the GPF in the oral cavity was found to be directed anteriorly in 181 openings (90.5%) of the 200 GPF, and only 19 openings (9.5%) directed vertically. The bilateral symmetry of GPF on both sides of each skull was remarkable. The discrepancy of our observations on the Chinese skulls from those on other ethnic groups was discussed. Our findings suggest, therefore, the existence of an ethnic variation and the necessity of a more accurate method of locating the GPF in clinical practice.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146572

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Right or left hindlimbs of kittens were immobilized in a plaster cast, in the resting position. Three groups of animals belonged to the same age group, one to older, and another to younger. Kittens in the same age group were subjected to progressively increasing periods of immobilization, the older group to a shorter and the younger to the longest period. By virtue of this arrangement, it was found that the demonstrated changes in the peripheral nerve, which included a decrease in the myelinated nerve fibre population and a reduction in the mean nerve fibre diameter, have been proportionate among the animals in the same age group, more pronounced in younger, and less so in older ones, indicating that in younger animals longer periods of immobilization lead to a greater degree of harmful effects, although it was also evident that younger animals attempt to adapt to such adverse conditions.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146573

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Substance P (SP)-containing fibers in the incisive papillae of rat hard palates, which include various components of sensory receptors, i.e. mechanoreceptors, free nerve endings and chemosensory corpuscles (taste buds), were examined using immunoperoxidase techniques and light and electron microscopes. Immunolabeled fibers were consistently distributed in the medial part of the orifice of the incisive canals, i.e. in the taste-bud-enriched region. Dense immunolabeled fibers were found in subgemmal regions and in the lamina propria papillae. Some fine fibers entered and ascended the taste buds or occasionally the epithelium outside the taste buds. In addition, a rich innerva-tion by SP-containing fibers close to blood capillaries was clearly identified. Electron microscopy revealed no specialized synaptic contact between the immunolabeled fibers and taste bud cells. Synaptic-like images could be found only between nonimmunolabeled nerve endings and the underlying taste bud cells. In the lamina propria papillae, mechanoreceptors observed in the present study contained no immunoperoxidase end products, whereas free nerve endings with an immunolabeled small-diameter axon (630–730 nm in diameter) were frequent. Similar axons were located at the adventitia of the blood capillaries.The possible functional role of SP-containing fibers in the incisive papillae was given attentio

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146574

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Filipin, a polyene antibiotic, was used to detect cholesterol in thyroid membranes in vivo and in culture duringTSH stimulation. We found that apical and basolateral plasma membranes were heterogeneously modified by filipin which induced abundant lesions in apical membranes, whereas Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membranes were unmodified. Small apical vesicles and colloid droplets were generally highly enriched in these complexes, suggesting a high cholesterol concentration in their membranes. Pseudopod membranes, known to be highly specialized domains in the apical plasma membrane, appeared enriched in cholesterol. Consequently, we suggest that an increased cholesterol content may be involved in the stabilization of thyroid membranes during endocytotic processes.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146575

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Secretory neurons capable of elaborating neuropeptides and biogenic amines are an integral component of nervous systems. This apparatus is more extended than assumed during an earlier period of investigations. It is involved in short- and long-range communication by means of paracrine, transmitter-like, modulatory and neurohormonal types of messages. This finely adjusted activity of secretory neurons serves the control of a variety of important biological functions. Secretory pinealocytes are derivatives of pineal photoreceptors, primary sensory cells of neuronal character. In contrast to these neuron-like or paraneuronal elements, the secretory cells of the subcommissural organ are of ependymal origin.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146576

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The structure of the lingual papillae and the ultrastructure of the surface of the lingual dorsal epithelial cells of squirrel monkeys were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue, except for the radix zone. Fungiform papillae were scattered among these filiform papillae. In the middle of the posterior end of the lingual body, a single vallate papilla was located. Higher magnification of the lingual dorsal epithelium revealed that prominent microridges and elevated intercellular borders occurred widely in the basofrontal area of the filiform papillae, interpapillar area and lingual radix zone. On the surface of the upper part of the filiform papillae, fine pits and hollows were observed. Indistinct microridges were distributed over the surface of the fungiform papillae.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146577

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Micro-anatomical changes in colonic and caecal epithelia of infant rats between birth and weaning appear to be the outcome of the effects of bacterial colonization, superimposed on the natural postnatal ontogeny of the mucous membranes. Conventional rat pups between 15 and 22 days of age showed development of subepithelial spaces in both caecum and colon, rupture of the overlying epithelium and loss of whole enterocyte plaques. Antibiotic-treated animals retained the large-bowel mucosal morphology of the 10-day-old rat, without any of the lesions described in conventional infants. Mucosal lesions were typical of ischaemic damage, possibly triggered by lumen anoxia during colonization.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146578

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Investigations of 25 human cadavers, using various anatomical techniques, led to the development of a safe and simple method of subclavian venipuncture. This method was tested with special regard to possible complications. The authors describe the guidelines for the choice of the point where the skin has to be penetrated as well as of the point towards which the needle has to be directed. While the latter is situated a little beyond the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, the other is determined as follows: the distance between the acromion and the sternoclavicular joint is divided into three parts, and the junction between the medial and central third of this distance is marked on the skin. Starting from this point a vertical is dropped towards the line between the acromion and the sternal angle. The point of intersection between this line and the vertical is where the cannula penetrates the skin. After a distance of between 2.5 and 4.5 cm the top of the needle reaches the subclavian vein. Even if the vessel is pierced through and through, no complication such as pneumothorax, laceration of arteries, lesions of the adjacent nerves, etc., can occur. Using this method the authors performed catheterization of the subclavian vein in 200 patients, and there were no complications at all.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146579

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Retrograde transport of fluorescent tracers (diamidino yellow and true blue) was used to study the arrangement of brainstem neurons innervating the lateral pterygoid muscle in the rat. The lateral pterygoid motoneurons were located in the dorsolateral (jaw-closing) part of the trigeminal motor nucleus with clear somatotopy in the caudal part of the nucleus. No muscle-related neurons were present in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. Histological examination of serial sections of lateral pterygoid muscles confirms the notion that, at least in the rat, this muscle is devoid of muscle spindles.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146580

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger