摘要:

The extrinsic innervation of the abdominal organs in neonatal and adult female rats is described. Mainly an in toto acetylcholinesterase method was used; moreover, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and acetylcholinesterase were demonstrated in sections. The major splanchnic nerve has its origin in the ninth and tenth thoracic sympathetic trunc ganglia. In the major splanchnic nerve a suprarenal ganglion is present. Sometimes the minor splanchnic nerve, arising from the tenth thoracic ganglion, joins the distal part of the suprarenal ganglion. The left and right major splanchnic nerves join the left and right celiac ganglia in the plexus. The left celiac ganglion is always bigger than the right one. The celiac plexus and the celiac inferior mesenteric plexus are joined by the intermesenteric plexus. Para-aortic nerves, originating in the caudal part of the thoracic sympathetic truncs, also join the abdominal prevertebral plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves, not symmetrical in their origin, join the prevertebral plexuses and give off branches to the abdominal organs. The suprarenal glands receive bundles of nerve fibers, sometimes ganglionated, from the suprarenal ganglion. The kidneys are innervated from the celiac plexus, the upper lumbar splanchnic nerves and the intermesenteric plexus. The ovarian nerves are derived from the celiac plexus, the intermesenteric plexus and the upper lumbar splanchnic nerves. Bundles of nerve fibers run from the suprarenal ganglion in the celiac plexus in the direction of the suspensory ligament of the ovary. In many respects this description is at variance with existing literature on the autonomic innervation in the rat. These differences with the standard literature are relevant to those workers engaged in experiments on the sympathetic innervation of abdominal viscera.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145073

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We investigated superficial interarterial, intra-arterial, arterio-venous and veno-venous anastomoses in 100 hearts from men and women taken at random who died at 20–85 years of age. By means of careful dissection and injection into the blood vessels of a differently stained 12% solution of vinilit in acetone, we studied the number and localization of the anastomoses and their appearance. Interarterial anastomoses, i.e. anastomoses between the ramification of the left and the right coronary artery, were detected in 33 hearts. Intra-arterial anastomoses, i.e. anastomoses between the ramifications of one and the same artery, were seen in 5 hearts. Arterio-venous anastomoses were found in 39 hearts. Veno-venous anostomoses were found in 49 hearts. The veno-venous anastomoses display a great many variations, being commonly the regular finding in human vein

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145074

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The lymphatic bed of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the lower leg from 20 operated patients was studied by light and electron microscopy and by phlebographic methods. Three stages of development of the disease were examined: without complicated form of varicose veins, complicated form, and postthrombophlebitic syndrome. Morphological features of the state of the lymphatic bed of the skin, subcutaneous connective tissue and fascia of the lower leg in the initial stage of disease show fine structure changes of lymphatic vessels and capillary walls interpreted as a compensation phenomenon. It seems that the structure alterations of endotheliocytes of lymphatic capillaries and the connective tissue surrounding them found in this study in the complicated form of the disease and the postthrombophlebitic syndrome are the basis of the mechanism of transport-resorption insufficiency of the lymph vessels’ terminal flow path

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145075

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The anterior falcate artery, which is the continuation of the anterior ethmoidal, supplies the dura mater in the region of the superior sagittal sinus as far almost as the coronal suture. Graphic reconstructions show its relationships to the veins, the sinus, and the arachnoid granulations. Histological studies of the artery emphasize its adaptation to longitudinal stretching. The complexity of its relationships suggests a functional significance beyond that of nourishing the dura.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145076

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ductus arteriosus was studied in 138 dogs (80 female and 58 male) aged from 6 h to 21 days. This experiment led us to conclude that the anatomical closure of the d. arteriosus starts within 96 h and is obliterated after 6 days in 100% of the animals studied. We have also evidenced that the closure starts in the medial part of the d. arteriosus and progresses to the pulmonary artery and aorta.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145077

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By means of scanning electron-microscopic investigations, thorn-like projections (TLP) were observed in the cilio-secretory epithelium of the ventral surface of the human endo-cervix. These projections, which seem to be characteristic of a new cell type, were seen at different stages of the menstrual cycle (days 8, 14 and 21) in 4 apparently healthy fertile women. Striking differences in length, with a maximum size at midcycle, suggest an evolutive process throughout the menstrual cycle. The origin and possible physiological role of TLP in the reproductive process are discussed.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145078

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aging of the retina and optic nerve was studied in 2.5- to 9-month-old albino mice. A change was found in the number of visual cells and in the distribution of large versus small optic nerve fibers. No significant change was found in the number of retinal phagosomes and in the total number of optic nerve fibers.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145079

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

45 male and female Wistar rats were given a single injection of 3H-thymidine (10µ Ci/g body weight) on day 1, 7, 14 or 21. All animals survived until 60 days of age when they were perfused with 10% neutral formalin and the brains were removed and prepared for autoradiography. The sagittal section of the cortex (L980 µm) was 6.8% larger in the males (p < 0.05) but the packing density of the cortical cells was 5.9% higher in the females (p < 0.01), thus bringing the total number of cells to the male levels. The diameter of the female cortical cells was 3.8% smaller than those of the males (p < 0.05). The greatest difference was among the smaller cells (3–9 µm). The rate of postnatal acquisition of cortical cells was indicated by the number of radioactive-labelled cells. Males had more labeled cells after each injection; it was most pronounced (32% difference) on day 7 (p < 0.05). This may reflect a delayed acquisition rate of cells formed before birth, since more cells could be labeled by the postnatal injec

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145080

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The-interneuronal synapses of the urinary bladder in the cat were studied by electron microscopy. The great majority of the fibres containing vesicles are found within the ganglia occurring in the trigonum area. Morphologically differentiated synaptic contacts could be observed on the surface of the local neurons and between the different nerve processes. The pre-synaptic terminals can be divided into three types based on a combination of synaptic vesicles. Type I terminals, presumably cholinergic synaptic terminals, contain only small clear vesicles of 40–50 nm in diameter. Type II terminals, presumably adrenergic terminals, are characterized by small granulated vesicles of 40–60 nm in diameter. Type III terminals, probably of local origin, contain a variable number of large granulated vesicles of 80–140 nm in diameter. Occasionally, a single nerve fibre contacted several (two or four) other nerve processes forming atypical synapse. In other cases, on one nerve cell soma or on other nerve processes there are two or three different-type nerve terminals establishing synapses. It might be inferred from these observations that convergence and divergence can occur in the local ganglia and that cholinergic and adrenergic synaptic terminals can modulate the ganglionic activity. However, a local circuit also can play an important role in coordinating the function of the bl

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145081

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Various linear and angular measurements were taken in 118 normal skulls of adult humans. The two halves of the skulls were found to be symmetrical. The phenomenon of asymmetry of various parts of the body, in relation to cerebral dominance and specific skills has been discussed in view of the findings of the study and in the light of the available literature.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145082

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger