摘要:

A heretofore unreported spine, which protrudes into the pituitary fossa, has been described and recorded. Complete and incomplete ‘sella bridges’, their angle formations with the planes of the head, dimensions and sutures have been detailed and their origin postulated. The development and formation of the carotico-clinoid foramina have been exhibited and interpreted. Developmental stages of the ophthalmic canals have been elicited. An ossified trigeminus bridge has been measured and its origin elucidated. The supracochlear cartilages have been traced from their appearance in the new-born to their supposed fate (os suprapetros

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144840

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rio Hortega’s silver impregnation techniques were meant and developed for frozen sections. They offer real advantages even if they are employed for impregnation of paraffin sections. The authors have tried to transform these methods, and the results have been excellent. Further communications will follow to describe the transformation of other methods and variants

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144841

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The somata of proprioceptive fibres in extra-ocular muscles have been localised to the trigeminal meseneephalic nucleus in twelve cats. This has been achieved by the demonstration of unequivocal changes of chromatolysis in the neurons of this nucleus following selective orbital resection of extra-ocular muscles. The localization of the somata has been shown to be bilateral, and a topographical subdivision in the nucleus in which different muscle groups are represented in different areas of the nucleus has also been demonstrated.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144842

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of X-rays on the regeneration of the tail of Xenopus laevis tadpoles have been studied. Larvae of stage 52 were exposed in groups to irradiation either of the head or the body region with doses of 3,000 and 4,000 r. In both cases, the animals have regenerated the lost parts of their tails.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144843

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The retina of the owl was studied by the wet-mount method and the PAS technique. The presence of hyperboloids and paraboloids and three types of oil droplets was indicated.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144844

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

As a part of a continuing study of the relationship between age and neuronal population within the human brain stem, the nucleus of the trochlear nerve was examined in a total of 20 brains from newborn to 87 years of age. The cell count in the newborn was 1,830, and in the 87-year-old 2,010, while the mean number for all the specimens examined was 2,115. It is apparent that there is no cell loss in this nucleus in the normal aging process, which is in accord with the findings in five other brain stem nuclei examined by various investigators. This is in contrast to the findings in cerebral and cerebellar cortex which show significant cell loss with advancing age. Based on this and previous studies of the brain stem nuclei, it appears that neuronal loss is not a concomitant of the normal aging process in the brain stem. The anatomical basis of this selectivity in neuronal loss with aging in certain parts of the brain is not known at present.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144845

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The dependence of the growth and development of the scapula on its functional matrix has been clearly defined by a number of experimental studies. Early modifications of this functional matrix may result in an altered scapular morphology [Howell, 1917]. Further, extreme developmental muscular hypofunction results in an increase in scapular breadth and a decrease in length [Riesenfeld, 1966; Doyle, 1976]. However, these studies have been confined to the scapular growth period and no findings have been published on the effect of scapular hypofunction in adults. The present paper addresses this problem. Adult scapular hypofunction in the rat was produced by unilateral amputation of the upper arm. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences in intraindividual scapular breadth dimensions are reported. Further, an increase in the relative instability of the scapular length dimension was observed. No differences in gross scapular morphology resulted from the hypo-functional condition. It is concluded that the functional matrix of the scapula determines a unique morphology during the course of development. Once established, scapular morphology is relatively fixed and only unstable dimensions such as breadth are predictably responsive to a changed matrix.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144846

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The early embryos at the embryonal cylinder stage in rats were studied by scanning electron microscopy, employing the frozen resin-cracking method. An embryo at 15:00 o’clock on day 7 of pregnancy (L6-15) was exposed in the frozen resin-cracked surface. It was located at the antimesometrial side of the uterus and constructed of the embryonic node and trophoblasts, enclosing the blastocele. The embryonic node consisted of the primary ectodermal cell mass and the primary entodermal cells, surrounding the former. The ectodermal cells, forming a solid mass, are polygonal in shape and contain each a comparatively very large nucleus having a significant nucleolus. The entodermal cells are simple columnar or cuboidal in shape, contain numerous vacuoles of various sizes, in which threadlike structures forming a network are seen, and surround closely the ectodermal cell mass; they continue at the ectoplacental cone to the distal entodermal cells, which are very flattened, simple squamous in shape and line the inner surface of Reichert’s membrane. In this specimen, the endometrial luminal epithelium has disappeared completely; the narrow blastocele is observed, but the primary amniotic cavity is

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144847

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Attempts have been made to establish extent of similarities as well as dissimilarities between the canine caudal thyroid and human inferior thyroid artery. On the basis of origin, course, relationship, branching pattern, major area of supply, level of anastomosis, occurrence, etc., it is proposed to rename the caudal thyroid of the dog as the tracheoesophageal artery.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144848

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From the biomechanic point of view, the osteo-myo-articular system works as a physical pulley instead of working as a simple closing and opening of the angle formed between two arms of lever turning around the same point of support. The vector which expresses the force of muscular flexion being always ‘sliding’; its moment is constant independently of the angular value between the bone segments which are in flex

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000144849

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger