摘要:

To further knowledge of the laryngeal nerves, the nerve fibers of Galen’s anastomosis were studied using two neuroanatomical methods, namely nerve degeneration and horseradish peroxidase labeling. It is demonstrated that the superior laryngeal nerve forms part of the tracheal and esophageal nervous system. The value of the results in relation to physiological laryngeal studies and to human laryngeal diseases is discusse

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146509

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Atrophy of the L4 dorsal and ventral spinal roots was experimentally induced by unilateral sciatic neurectomy in groups of young (2 and 4 months) and older (12 months) albino rats. During the 4 months following neurectomy, the occurrence of infolded myelin loops (IMLs) was quantitatively examined in transverse sections prepared using perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde and embedding in epoxy resin. The number of IMLs was higher on the operated side and increased with the time of survival and the age of the animals.The formation of IMLs is a characteristic early response of a large-caliber myelin sheath to axonal atrophy, probably reflecting the presence of redundant myelin.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146510

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The location of the pancreatic tail in the lienorenal ligament and its relationship to the splenic hilus were studied in 32 computed tomography (CT) scannings and in 37 autopsy specimens. We found several anatomical variations in both study groups: the pancreatic tail did not penetrate the lienorenal ligament in 24% of the autopsy specimens and in 37.5% of the CT group. The tail was adjacent to the splenic hilus in 29.7% of the autopsies and in 25% of the CT group. We classified the anatomical variations into 4 categories, three of which could be well demonstrated on CTwith satisfactory correlation to the anatomical findings of the autopsy specimens.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146511

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The presence of dendritic cells containing melanin granules has been demonstrated employing silver impregnation and electron microscopy in the interstitial tissue of the Harderian gland of the mouse.Two types of melanocytes either with or without the various developmental stages of melanin granules were found in the gland. Cells with developing granules were more dendritic and contained a largenumber of cytoplasmic organelles.The other cells were ellipsoidal or slender in shape and contained few cytoplasmic organelles and a large number of fully melanized granules but no developing granules. In general the granules of the Harderian gland melanocytes resembled granules from other organs (particularly the skin of the eyelids).The general size range of the granules was 0.2–0.9 µm. Each granule was enclosed by a membrane.The Harderian gland macrophages contained fully pigmented melanin granules of various sizes. The granules were enclosed by a membrane either singly or in groups. Some of the melanin granules within the phagosomes showed signs of degradation, revealing the underlying matr

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146512

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The rabbit and rat choriocapillaris atrophies in response to experimental destruction of the retinal pigment epithelium by intravenous injection of sodium iodate. This provides a convenient model of capillary atrophy. We have observed that pericytes are spared during this process; the atrophy is due to loss of endothelium only. Extensive examination of thin sections obtained 1 day to 11 weeks after administration of iodate showed that pericytes retained their normal relationship to the remnant capillary basement membrane left behind as the endothelial tube atrophied. This was most conspicuously manifested in their retention of processes longitudinally disposed along the sleeves of remnant basement membrane. The processes retained bundles of actin filaments that had dense regions along them and inserted into subplasmalemmal densities at basement membrane attachment sites, i.e. they had the characteristics of stress fibers.The pericytes did not phagocytose the debris of endothelial necrosis, in spite of their known phagocytic abilities. Necrotic endothelial cells were eliminated by sloughing into the capillary lumen. The observations support the idea that the function of pericytes in the choriocapillaris, the major source of nutrition for the retinal photoreceptors, resides in their contractility, and that pericytes do not remove necrotic endothelium during capillary atrophy.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146513

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comparative studies were carried out under light, fluorescence- and electron-microscopic observations between young, adult and aged groups of albino rats with the following results: the neuronal packing density of locus ceruleus decreases with advanced age. In addition to the senescent loss of nerve cells, the surviving ones showed some shrinkage of perikarya and reduction or loss of Nissl substance. Some of them presented pyknosis, chromatolysis and loss of RNAin cytoplasm. Glial cells proliferated around the degenerating cells. Senescent cells showed an increase of heterochromatin and decrease of euchromatin. Changes in cytoplasmic organelles included the decrease of ribosomes, alterations in mitochondria and increase of lipofuscins. These senescent changes were thought to affect the absorption of nutrition, message exchange, protein synthesis, supply of energy and transport of materials by the nerve cells.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146514

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using filipin as a cytochemical probe for cholesterol we have compared the distribution of filipin labelling in mildly disrupted myelin and normal myelin. The myelin lamellae in rat sciatic nerve were separated either by hypotonic saline (0.035–0.07 M) or nerve section (24–32 h) before aldehyde fixation and filipin treatment. Myelin separation was assessed in ultrathin sections and filipin distribution in freeze-fracture replicas. In separated myelin lamellae filipin labelling was similar throughout the myelin sheath while in normal control myelin filipin occurred most in the outer (abaxonal), least in the inner (adaxonal) and intermediate in the middle lamellae. It is concluded that this heterogeneous filipin labelling in normal myelin is a result of diffusion gradients to filipin within the myelin sheath and that in vivo cholesterol is uniformly distributed throughout all the lamellae of the myelin sheath. The site of the diffusion barrier to filipin within normal myelin is conside

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146515

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Substance P-like immunoreactive (SPLI) nerve fibers were demonstrated in the Krause corpuscles of the dog’s tongue using the indirect immunofluorescence method and cholinesterase histochemistry. SPLI nerve fibers were often in contact with Krause end bulbs and occasionally entered them. From this result it was suggested that substance P might be involved in sensory mechanism of the Krause apparatu

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146516

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Peroxisomes were identified in the neurons of cerebral cortex of 12-day-old suckling rats from normal and plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-fed mothers. The study suggests that DEHP passed to the pups through the mother’s milk during nursing can induce peroxisomal proliferation in neurons during postnatal developmen

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146517

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using specific antisera, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin as well as neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, secretory peptide I and calbindin (vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein) were looked for in parafollicular cells of rats, Syrian hamsters, Mongolian gerbils, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and pigs. Calcitonin and CGRP were most invariably present in various species. Somatostatin was absent in mice and Mongolian gerbils and present in variable amounts in the remaining species. Neuron-specific enolase could not be detected in rabbits, while in the pigs and the Mongolian gerbils it could be demonstrated only in some parafollicular cells. Calbindin was present exclusively in parafollicular cells of guinea pigs. Chromogranin and secretory protein-I were present only in some animal species.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146518

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger