摘要:

Mineralized tissues exhibit varying degrees of mineralization in different areas within the same bone. Using the technique of density gradient fractionation, bone powder from the diaphysis of human femur has been separated in different fractions corresponding to the degree of mineralization. Isolated bone fractions were analysed for their content in collagen and non-collagenous proteins. The results showed marked differences between compact and spongy bones, this latter containing higher proportions of little mineralized bone particles than the former (p < 0.01).The ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) extractability and the bone matrix size decreased relative to the decrease in specific gravity of bone particles. Among the matrix components of different fractions, sialoprotein consistently increased with the increase in specific gravity while proteoglycan decreased in reverse manner to the increase in collagen. However, in the most mineralized fraction (specific gravity: 2.33 g/cm3), the proteoglycan amount increased while collagen decreased. In conclusion this study of bone maturation in human femur confirms the suitability of the technique of density gradient fractionation in the studies of bone matrix-mineral interactions. Apart from the fraction with the highest specific gravity, the analytical results obtained in fractions are similar to those observed in age-related bone changes, suggesting that the increase in mineralization degree of bone particles may be related to their age.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146700

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The mast cell content of the diaphragm of the rat was examined using electron microscopy, and using light microscopy in material stained with Alcian blue. The concentration and diameters of the mast cells were estimated in animals at regular time intervals from 16 days gestation to 14 weeks of age and compared to the mast cell content of muscles of the calf and anterior abdominal wall. The results were discussed in relation to the origin of mast cells. It was proposed that if mast cells develop in haemopoietic sites that they may populate adjacent tissues by migrating within the connective-tissue spaces.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146701

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was designed to elucidate which factor(s) trigger off the enhanced macrophage activity after strenuous physical exercise. For an understanding of the cause of this phenomenon we extended the study of the ultra-structural features of skeletal muscle after physical exercise to its possible relation to the pathogenesis of leucocyte invasion. Ultrastructural investigations revealed muscle damage, after a strenuous physical exercise.The pathogenesis of the detected autolytic alterations could be related to a local accumulation of lactate, to the ischemic compression syndrome, to an insufficient oxygen supply or to anatomical peculiarities. The greatest functional claim was that fibrillolytic degeneration was capable of being triggered off in the skeletal muscular structure, thereby initiating the release of filament fragments, whose peptides were capable of being depicted as chemotactic signals for leucocytes.The appearance of leucocytes in the muscular tissue suggests that the basic humoral immunity reactions control the cellular cooperation in the muscular tissue.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146702

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was examined in the lower labial mucosa of the mouse by using the whole-mount technique. The density and design of subepithelial nerve plexuses containing SP differed depending on portions of the lower labial mucosa.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146703

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The morphological characteristics of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in the rat are described. This structure is formed by a set of cavities generally located in the midline area of the septal region. Into the lumen of the cavities free cells rooted out from the CSP walls were observed. Several layers could be delimitated from the surface of the CSP to the most inner region consisting of connective cells and fibers, and astrocytes. However, no ependymal cells were visualized. According to the morphological data, the CSP wall could have a function of resistance against mechanical tensions that are produced in this brain region.The term ‘fifth ventricle’ for the CSP seems to be inappropri

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146704

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Anatomical terminology, which had become chaotic by the nineteenth century, was codified in the BNA of 1895, when some 5,000 terms were carefully selected from among approximately 50,000 names. The BNA and its three major revisions (BR, INA, PNA) are here reviewed and placed in historical perspective. It is emphasized that many anatomical terms are very ancient and that the various nomenclatures are not ‘new terminologies’ but rather, for the most part, selections of already existing names. This can be seen clearly in the naming of the cranial nerves. Another example, the carpal and tarsal bones, is analysed in detail. Of the 8 carpal bones, for instance, the current names for 7 of them are those proposed by Henle in 1855. All the nomenclatures are, as they should be, in Latin, but it is understood that translations of many terms into other languages are necessary. Although views pro and con have been expressed, current usage favours the erect posture and the anatomical position as a basis, as well as the elimination of eponyms. In both teaching and research, the Nomina has been of great benefit in reducing drastically the number of unnecessary synonyms and in providing a coherent, internationally accepted system that is now the standard in anatomical textbooks. Hence, further use of the Nomina should be encoura

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146705

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experimental liver injury was provoked in test rats with and without spleen intraperitoneally with allyl alcohol injections. The rats without spleen were used for tests 2 months after the splenectomy. Traumatized rats received further intraperitoneal injections of Hepasor, a protoberberine alkaloid mixture from Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae). Biochemical assays from blood plasma, serum alanine transferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, serum hydroxyproline and serum calcium were done and the total amount of blood obtained by decapitation was measured. Liver and kidney samples for histological processing were taken.The biochemical results obtained show significant changes in serum hydroxyproline which increases cumulatively due to traumatization, Hepasor treatment and splenectomy. In case of splenectomy, the absolute volume of circulating blood enhanced under Hepasor treatment. The histological findings in the liver sections show that a 2-week Hepasor therapy of the 2-week pre-traumatized rats greatly furthers the healing process during prolonged traumatization. The preventive effect of Hepasor was seen as a diminished occurrence of Kupffer cells, improved cell architecture and promoted mitotic activity. Thç sedative effect of Hepasor was pivotally evaluated, when massive intra- and extracellular damages were provoked with allyl alcohol in splenectomized rats. This indicate the high regeneration potency of Hepasor en experimentally provoked liver dysplasia

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146706

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The localization of calcium in the enamel organ of rapidly frozen, freeze-substituted rat incisors in early-stage amelogenesis was examined by a histochemical calcium-staining method. In secretory ameloblasts, glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA) staining revealed intense red reations in mitochondria and tubulovesicular structures located throughout the cytoplasm, while no reaction was seen in the nucleus and cytosol, nor along the plasma membranes of the respective cells. No significant GBHA reaction was observed in the intercellular compartment and other cells of the enamel organ. Some granular reactions were localized in the cells of the adjacent connective tissue. Control tests confirmed the specificity of GBHA reactions for calcium. Thus, the present observations provide histochemical evidence indicating an exclusive localization of calcium in mitochondria and tubulovesicular structures of the secretory ameloblast, and support their contributions to the translocation of calcium from the proximal to the distal pole of the cytoplasm.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146707

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The prenatal exposure of mice to diethylstilbestrol (DES, 10 µg/kg on day 15 of gestation) caused both quantitative and structural alterations in ovarian follicles within the neonatal ovary. At birth, control ovaries consisted of small type 1 and 2 ovarian follicles located in the ovarian cortex. By postnatal day 7, ovarian follicle development had advanced to the type 4 stage with larger follicles located within the ovarian medulla. In DES-exposed animals, ovarian follicle maturation was advanced with type 3b and 4 follicles appearing 24 h prior to their appearance in control animals. Also, type 5 ovarian follicles were present on postnatal day 6 in experimental animals but were never seen in control animals. In addition to an alteration in ovarian follicle dynamics, the diameter of individual ovarian follicles was increased in experimental animals. Our results indicate that the prenatal exposure of mice to DES may decrease the transit time between the various stages of follicular development which results in a greater number of developmentally advanced ovarian follicles being present during neonatal ovarian development.The mechanism by which prenatal exposure to DES alters ovarian follicle dynamics during neonatal development is not known

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146708

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Light microscopy and semithin methacrylate sections were used to study the tanycytic projections and morphology in the floor of the third ventricle of the rat. The tanycytic cell soma was located in the ependyma. The luminal surface showed minute protrusions into the ventricular space and their basal processes projected across the width of the parenchyma of the infundibular region. During their course, tanycytic processes made contact with capillaries in the parenchyma and pial surface, suggesting that they might be involved in uptake and/or delivery mechanisms between the cerebrospinal fluid, hypothalamic cells and blood vessels.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146709

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger