摘要:

An indirect estimate of the extent of branching of the olivary axons in the cerebellum in a marsupial (Trichosurus vulpecula) was carried out. The cells in the inferior olivary nuclear complex (IOC) of both sides were estimated (mean = 57,200), as were the cerebellar Purkinje cells (mean = 881,300). Assuming that all climbing fibers arise from IOC cells and that each Purkinje cell receives a climbing fiber input, each IOC cell sends climbing fiber terminals to 15 Purkinje cells.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145086

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The myofibrillar ATPase reaction was utilized to determine the relative proportion of type II fibres in reinnervated soleus muscle 6 months after transection and reunion of the nerve at various distances from the muscle. In self-reinnervated soleus muscle, a highly significant decrease in the percentage of type II fibres from 10.5 ± 1.6% in normal muscle to 0.7 ± 0.4% was noted. In randomly reinnervated soleus muscle the percentage of type II fibres gradually increased with the distance of the site of nerve transection from the muscle. After transection and reunion of the muscular branch of the tibial nerve, the type II fibres constituted 34.0 ± 1.5% and that of the reinnervated soleus muscle after transection and reunion of the sciatic nerve stump was 73.7 ± 1.7% of the total fibre population. Different factors which might be responsible for the observed differences in the degree of cytochemical transformation of muscle fibre types in the process of reinnervation are discus

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145100

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The size of the hypophysis, especially of the anterior lobe, is related to body size while the nervous lobe is related to the brain weight. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis in domestic animals is smaller than that of their ancestors in the wild. The proportions of the body, the distribution of bulk, as they appear in different races – whippets and bulldogs – are related to the size of the anterior lobe. Same body weight implies that the anterior lobe is nearly twice as large in animals with a compact body structure. These intraspecific results can also be shown inter-specificly by comparing the species of African Bovidae. Independent of the influence of body size, the subfamilies Alcelaphinae and Hippotraginae possess a larger anterior lobe. A tendency can be shown for a relation to body structure as short-legged species living on marshy grounds (Kobus) or soft sands (Addax) have larger anterior lo

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145087

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The microstructure of the cardiac muscle in eight subgroups of female and male rats was investigated: exercised (EE) and control (EC) offspring of exercised mothers, and exercised (CE) and control (CC) offspring of control, inactive mothers. The differences between subgroups were subjected to variance analysis and multiple-range tests according to Duncan. There were no marked differences in total body weight and weight of the heart related to total body weight. A significant difference (highest values) was shown in the density of muscle fibers and capillaries in the offspring of exercised mothers, which was further potentiated by the additional exercise during postnatal life. Diffusion distance was significantly longer in CC animals; the other subgroups did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences in the reaction of female and male offspring both due to prenatal and postnatal exercise.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145088

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Liver tissue from miniature pig fetuses was immersion-fixed in fixative mixtures with various concentrations of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. The preservation quality of hepatocytes was evaluated ultrastructurally in a peripheral zone (30–130 µm below the surface) and a central zone (500 µm below the surface). In the peripheral zone the best preservation was obtained with a fixative mixture containing 2% formaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde and in the central zone with a fixative mixture containing 8% formaldehyde and 8% glutaraldehyde. It is concluded that a better utilization of fairly large tissue blocks for ultrastructural investigation can be obtained by division of the block and subsequent fixation in fixatives containing various concentrations of formaldehyde and glutaraldeh

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145089

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experiments were conducted on 100 dogs with creation of auto venous aorto-coronary shunts in the coronary artery. The hearts were examined 1 year following surgery by routine histological, neurohistological, histochemical and electron-microscopic techniques. No severe destructive changes were revealed in the shunting system. The main processes develop in the heart very early following surgery and consist in reactive changes in the intramural nerve elements, elevation of the phosphatase activity in the walls of the microcirculatory bed, redistribution of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides and changes of permeability of the haemato-histiocytic barriers; they are an adaptation response of the myocardium to operative stress and new conditions of influx of blood to the cardiac muscle.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145090

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The development of puberty in Large White boars raised and maintained in a humid tropical environment was studied histologically and by a preputial smear technique. The growth curves for the testes, epididymides and body weight were similar and exhibited a spurt between the ages of 150 and 180 days. The accessory sex glands increased slowly but steadily until the animals were about 180 days old at which time a marked increase in their growth rate was noted. Thus from morphological and histological assessment, puberty in these animals was placed between 150 and 180 days. The preputial smear technique was successfully applied in the boar. By this method, the animals were found to be 165.74 days old at puberty and to weigh 51.65 kg. These results further indicate that the development of puberty is genetically controlled and also imply that this could be slightly modified by the environment.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145091

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male.mice were injected into their foot pads with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) to form lymph follicles in the germinal centers in the popliteal lymph nodes. 4 weeks later, peritoneal macrophages labeled with carbon from syngeneic donors sensitized with SRBC or typhoid-paratyphoid bacilli (TAB) were separately injected into the foot pads as well. The popliteal lymph nodes were histologically examined at 6 h to 5 days after injection. Labeled macrophages appeared in the marginal sinus, migrated straight across the cortex from the marginal sinus to the lymph follicles and then entered the germinal centers. There was no difference in the mode of appearance, migration and localization of labeled macrophages in the regional lymph nodes between the mice given labeled macrophages from SRBC-sensitized donors and those given macrophages from TAB-sensitized donors. The entrance of lymph macrophages into the germinal centers of the regional lymph nodes would be immunologically nonspecific. After the injection of Pelikan ink into the foot pads, the macrophages which have taken up carbon in the peripheral tissue reached the regional lymph nodes via the afferent lymphatics and then entered the germinal centers, mainly through the medullary pole of the lymph follicles, after migrating along their immediate exterior from their marginal sinus to their medullary pole.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145092

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The scapula responds to the compressive states of its surrounding matrix produced by muscle functioning and weight bearing in the upper extremity with discernible structural correlates. These structural correlates can be utilized to infer locomotor behavior. After dissection and drying, the weights of several muscles of the shoulder region of 11 adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were statistically compared to various dimensions of the bony scapula. A significant correlation was obtained between the weights of the individual compressive muscles, the combined weights of the compressive muscles and a scapular dimension of width. A nonsignificant correlation between these muscles and a scapular dimension of length was also found. The results of this study were compared to those of a previous study of the scapular musculature in Macaca and opposing conclusions were obtained. The advisability of lumping macaques and baboons into a single gross locomotor category is rejected.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145093

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relative level of metabolic activity in Gomori-positive (Gp) glia was estimated by comparing the incorporation rates of 3H-uridine, 3H-leucine and 3H-methionine into the nuclear macromolecules of the glia, neurons, ependyma and subcommissural organ (SCO). The uptake of 3H-uridine by Gp glia was somewhat lower than that by neurons and SCO but higher than that by ependyma. The incorporation of 3H-leucine was about the same in all studied types of cells, except for a lower uptake by ependyma. The rate of 3H-methionine incorporation into Gp glia and SCO was higher than that into neurons and ependyma. The neuron: Gp glia ratios obtained in the present study (0.9–1.4) are more or less within the range of the neuron: cerebral glia ratios reported by others for newly synthesized molecules of RNA and proteins. The results suggest that Gp glia have a relatively high metabolic activity as compared to that in neurons and perhaps SC

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145094

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger