摘要:

Vascular casts were prepared from ten human orbits removed at autopsy from patients with no previous history of vascular disease. The ages ranged from 7 months to 68 years. The time interval between death and injection of the orbit was always less than 12 h.The vascular casts were examined under scanning electron microscopy with particular attention to the submacular region. We present photomicrographs of common findings seen in each of our specimens, and discuss our results with respect to current models of the submacular angioarchitecture.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146586

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The microvasculature of the skin of the hand of Japanese monkeys was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. The vasculature of all areas of the skin of the hand was examined and divided into three structures excluding the nail bed: (1) In the ball of the finger, the typical structure of the capillary loops was studied. Capillary loops were formed out of not just one capillary vessel but two or three vessels. Each capillary vessel arose and divided into several branches at the papilla, and they became descending limbs. After the loop passed a hairpin turn, the descending limbs were 1.5 times larger than the ascending limbs in the intrapapillary portion, and they became extrapapillary venules. The descending limbs connected with the postcapillary venules in the postpapillary portion and with the horizontal network. The postcapillary venules fused with each other (1–5 loops) to form the primary and secondary venous arcades. (2) In the thenar eminence, the capillary loops were a little lower, and their grooves were wider than in the ball of the finger. The characteristic structure in this area was the interpapillar capillary network. (3) In the lateral side of the finger, the number of capillary loops formed by the arterial capillary network of the subepidermal layer was smaller.The capillary loops here had the lowest height and a simple structur

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146587

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study of the facial motor nucleus of the dog by means of cytoarchitectonic and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction methods has been made. We identified three regions in this structure: lateral, intermediate and medial. Taking into account the different patterns of neuron aggregation, the following subdivisions were noted: in the first, the ventrolateral and dorsolateral subnuclei; in the second, the intermediate subnucleus, and in the third, the ventromedial, intermediate-medial and dorsomedial subnuclei.Their cytological characteristics are described.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146588

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this study, an area of 953.2 µm2, a diameter of 36.7 µm and a circularity factor of 0.74 have been established for the neurons of the facial motor nucleus of the dog. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed by comparing the means of some of the parameters determined in the six cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of the facial motor nucleus described in a previous study. Moreover, the neurons tend to increase in size in the caudocranial directio

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146589

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The postnatal development of the ventral spinal roots of rats was studied with optical microscopic and morphometric methods. Adult rats show a craniocaudal decrease of axon and nerve fiber diameters which cannot be detected in younger animals. The bimodal differentiation of the nerve fiber populations occurs between the 15th and 20th day. Myelinated nerve fibers show a g ratio of 0.6 for all examined age groups.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study of the arterial patterns of the upper limbs in Lorisiformes (Prosimiae), especially those of the rete mirabile and their correlating arteries, was carried out by three-dimensional arteriographic analysis.The rete displayed at least two types of plexiform distribution: (1) a vascular bundle in Lorisidae, which consists of a division of the main artery into a principal trunk surrounded upwards by about 50 small arteries, and (2) a simple network pattern in Galagidae, which, at most, is composed of simple vascular networks of the nature of a few widely scattered anastomoses. The arterial patterns of the upper limb in Lorisiformes are basically the same, but the position of divergence and the number and size of the vessels in the rete differ. The arterial patterns of the upper limbs in Lorisiformes closely resemble the development of the vessels in the 21- to 23-mm stages of human embryonic growth. In this study, we observed some similarity in the patterns between the rete mirabile and the superficial brachial artery in man.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146591

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280–300 g were divided into two groups often animals each.They were treated by daily submucosal injections of 50 µg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) per kilogram body weight into the region below the apex of the left first maxillary molar (experimental) or vehicle into the region below the apex of the right first molar (control), for a period of 5 days.The animals of the first group were sacrificed immediately following the treatment period, while those of the second group were sacrificed 5 days after the treatment period.Twenty-two hours prior to sacrifice, a piece of latex orthodontic elastic was secured to the adjacent area between the first and second maxillary molars of both sides of each rat by using two mosquito hemostats.The periodontál ligament (PDL) mesial to the mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar was assayed for changes in PDL cell factors. The results showed that immediately following the 5-day treatment period the left PDL had a significant decrease in the total number of fibroblasts and a significant increase in the total number of both osteoclasts and nuclei per osteoclast, while no significant changes in the osteoblasts when compared with those of the right control PDL. The left PDL of animals which were sacrificed 5 days after the treatment period revealed a significant decrease in the number of total fibroblasts and only a slight decrease in both numbers of total osteoclasts and total nuclei per osteoclast, but again no significant changes in osteoblasts when compared with those of the right control PDL. The reduction in the number of total fibroblasts in the left PDL was attributable to the submucosal injection of PGE2 which probably inhibited mitoses of fibroblasts. In addition, submucosal injection of PGE2 might also have induced transformation of monocytes into osteoclasts and an increase in the osteoclast-resorptive activity, although its effect is short-acting. All the above findings demonstrated that treatment with 50 µg PGE2/kg/day for 5 consecutive days inhibited the proliferation of PDL fibroblasts and activated alveolar bone resorption during orthodontic tooth move

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146592

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the structural changes in both cholinesterase(ChE)-positive nerve fibers and adrenergic nerves with formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in pregnant and postpartum uteri of both the albino rat and guinea pig. Particular attention was directed to the relationship between these changes and the local factors associated with the growing fetus. ChE reaction was absent in the control and pregnant uterus of the guinea pig. In the albino rat, there were signs of degeneration in pregnancy. These were evidenced by vacuolation of large nerve trunks and the presence of focal segments with very faint reaction along the course of the nerve bundles. Myometrial segments from fetus-containing horns showed some fragmented nerve fibers, but at the same time some other normal ones. Most of the fine nerve bundles gave a weak reaction. Three weeks after delivery, multiple ChE fibers were found in the uterus of the albino rat. The normal appearance was, however, not regained and some nerve fibers were still fragmented. Noradrenergic (NA) nerve fibers were disintegrated and markedly reduced in number in the myometrium of the pregnant uterus of both the guinea pig and albino rat, particularly in the uterine horns that were distended by fetuses. The number of NA fibers was not significantly reduced in the tubal ends of the albino rat uterus. Three weeks after delivery, normal NA fibers were seen in the myometrium of both the albino rat and guinea pig uterus. Nerves with reduced fluorescence reaction were observed less frequently.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146593

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ultrastructurally, myoepithelial cells were shown to contain numerous fine filaments in their cytoplasm and resembled smooth muscle cells. The myoepithelial cell of the salivary gland has been considered to play an important role in the secretion of saliva. The present study showed that all the thin filaments (actin filaments) in the myoepithelial cell of the human parotid gland bound heavy meromyosin (HMM) and formed characteristic arrowhead structures. These filaments ran in two opposite directions with the poles at different ends. On the other hand, there was no binding of HMM with thicker filaments (10-nm filaments), plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, collagen fibrils, basement membrane or other cytoplasmic organelles.The present results strongly suggest that myoepithelial cells possess a contractile function parallel to the long axis of the cell for supporting the secretion of saliva in the parotid gland.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146594

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study reports the effects of dichloromethylene biphosphonate (Cl2MBP), an inhibitor of bone remodeling, on femoral expansion in four groups of adult male rats; (1) sham-operated controls; (2) sham operated + injections of Cl2MBP; (3) castrated (osteoporotic), and (4) castrated + injections of Cl2MBP. After controlling for body weight, analyses of covariance revealed significant differences in total femoral width between animals that had received Cl2MBP and those that had not. The results indicated that Cl2MBP treatment retarded femoral expansion in both castrated and normal adult male rats.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger