摘要:

The histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the mature feline bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) induced after 10 days of denervation or castration were compared. Control BCM, denervated BCM, and BCM from castrated cats reacted similarly for myosin ATPase (predominantly dark staining) and for succinic dehydrogenase (predominantly high). Staining for phosphorylase was decreased in the denervated BCM and BCM from castrated cats. Intrafiber lipid content was reduced after denervation or castration. The appearance of lysosome-like structures in BCM from both treatment groups was the most obvious ultrastructural alteration. Other ultrastructural changes were focal and infrequent.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145680

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role played by the ciliated cells of the salpinx in the transport of the ovum has been the subject of numerous studies. In this work we examined the ultrastructure of the cilia of the ampullary portion of the oviductal epithelium in a series of mammals and in man. We found the classical structure of the motile cilia. The free part of the cilia, surrounded by the cell membrane, is composed by nine peripheral doublets and by a pair of central microtubules. In the species we examined, we had the occasion to observe an ultrastructural particularity of the cilia. It is about a group of microcilia placed on their apical extremity. These formations were observed in longitudinal sections and appeared aligned on the top of the cilium. They have a length of 200–300 Å and a diameter of 100 Å. Their number varies with the species examined. The proportion of cilia which presented microcilia is also different from species to species. The functional role of the microcilia is unkn

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145681

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The tunica media of the giraffe carotid artery is characterised by a predominantly muscular structure, except for a small area at the origins of the occipital and the vestigal internal carotid arteries. The latter has a preponderantly elastic structure and corresponds in extent to the parts of the carotid arterial wall innervated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Sensory nerve terminals, characterised by an abundance of mitochondria, are found in the deeper parts of the adventitia bordering the elastic zone. It is concluded that the elastic zone at the cranial portion of the carotid arterial system in the giraffe constitutes the equivalent of a carotid sinus. It is further suggested that the preponderance of elastic tissue in this area is a morphological adaptation of the arterial wall to a baroreceptor function. Pertinent to this suggestion is the demonstration of a close structural relationship between the sensory nerve endings and the elastic fibres.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145682

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Arteria stapedialis in the rat was studied in healthy rats and in experimental otitis media with effusion (OME). The mean diameters of the vessel was calculated to approximately 460 μm (healthy) and 430 μm (otitic) (no significant difference). The tunica intima consisted of an endothelium and a well-developed elastica interna. The tunica media was composed of 2–3 layers of smooth muscle cells. The adventitia was thicker than the media and consisted of bundles of collagan fibers. The artery in the middle ear cavity was quite naked covered only with the middle ear mucosa. The stapedial artery did not appear to be involved in the production of effusion in experimentally induced

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145683

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The histochemistry of carbohydrates has been studied in the skin of the pig snout with selected methods of light microscopy including peroxidase-labelled lectin-diaminobenzidine (PO-LT-DAB) procedures. In the snout skin the dark secretory cells and the luminal secretion of the eccrine glands contained considerable amounts of neutral glycoproteins, but only a very small amount of acidic ones. It was possible to demonstrate glycogen in the secretory cells of these glands. The other skin structures of the snout also showed positive reactions for complex carbohydrates. Most remarkable were stronger reactions of intercellular substances among the spinosum cells, particularly following the PO-LT-DAB procedures, which demonstrated such saccharide residues as β-D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145684

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The development of birefringent lipids in pre- and postnatal rabbit lungs was studied by polarizing microscopy (PM) and correlated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Birefringent lipids first appeared as small scattered particles in the developing alveolar walls at 27 days of gestation. These particles became aggregated, gradually increased in amount in older fetuses, and reached a prenatal maximum at 30 days. Numerous particles were located in the alveolar lumen, beginning in the 30-day fetuses. Further increase in the amount of birefringent lipids occurred in the 60-day-old rabbits. TEM demonstrated cytoplasmic lipid inclusion bodies in the type II pneumocytes at 25 days of gestation. Some of these inclusions were lamellated, but regular lamellated bodies were often seen in older fetuses. It appears that the development of birefringent lipids is closely correlated with the development of lamellated bodies seen with TEM, and PM is a simple, useful method in following the development and maturation of surfactant lipids. The phospholipid component of the pulmonary surfactant is secreted by the type II pneumocytes, and the development of these cells and the surfactant system has been studied in many animal species by various methods. To identify the intra- and extracellular structures related to surfactant secretion, light microscopy [Chiswick et al., 1973], transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy [Kikkawa et al., 1968; Wang et al., 1973], the freeze-fracture technique [Smith et al., 1972; Williams, 1978; Kikkawa and Manabe, 1978], and immunocytochemistry [Ten Have-Opbroek, 1979; Ratal et al., 1979] have been used. The surfactant lipids were associated with lamellated bodies with regular, repeating patterns, and therfore they were detectable

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145685

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The object of this investigation was to provide a statistical interpretation of macroscopic anatomic findings in the cranial cervical region, which is very rich in variation. In this way rare nervous and vascular variations could be related statistically. The first cervical posterior root demonstrated the most striking variations, which, according to anlage and connection with the accessory nerve, was divided into four anlage types of formation. In this way it was shown that in only 23% of the cases, no posterior C-1 root had been formed. It was further demonstrable that in at least part of the cases the accessory nerve was sensibly mixed with the first posterior root. Furthermore, nervous structures and peculiarities in the vessels were investigated. Special courses taken by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, in addition to those already known, were statistically interpreted. Nervous as well as vascular contact and courses were analyzed, especially in relation to their topography to the accessory nerve, in order to provide clinicians with possibilities for explanations of irritations or compressions of this cranial nerve.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145686

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ultrastructural differentiation of cardiac muscle cells in the bilateral atria and ventricles of the cat at 1, 16, 25 and 40 days and 6 months after birth was studied by morphometry on electron micrographs. At the newborn stage, no T-tubule was found in the ventricular muscle cells, but specific granules were already noted in the atrial myocytes. The cell diameter of the ventricular myocardium was greater than that of the atrium at this stage. The T-tubule was first recognized in the ventricular muscle cells at day 16, at which stage the area occupied by the mitochondria and glycogen in the atrial muscle cells was definitely found to differ from that in the ventricular muscle cells. Thereafter, the differences in the ultrastructure between the atria and ventricles became more remarkable, particularly in the cell diameter and in the mitochondrial area. The cat cardiac muscle cells are characterized by numerous lipid droplets within the cytoplasm in contrast to those of the rat and the guinea pig.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper analyzes the distribution of osteons and interstitial bone in the femoral compacta according to their structure, degree of calcification and mechanical properties. Three cross sections, 100 μm thick, each located 1 cm from the next, were prepared by grinding from the middle third of a human femoral shaft. Starting from the premise that, in lamellar bone, lamellae whose fiber bundles and crystallites have a longitudinal course withstand loading by tension, whereas those whose fiber bundles and crystallites have a transversal course withstand loading by compression, each osteon and fragment of interstitial bone has been given a number recording the percentage of its surface consisting of lamellae with transversally oriented fiber bundles and crystallites (bright under the polarizing microscope). The degree of calcification of the same structures was determined micro-radiographically. The distribution of both osteons and interstitial bone was assessed using a tungsten grid for reference. The total surface of each bone microstructure, and the percentage of that surface consisting of bright lamellae, were all calculated using a Zeiss Video-plan. Our results confirm the view that the distribution of both osteons and interstitial bone is mainly related to their structure – and hence to their mechanical properties. In addition, bone remodeling seems to be most active in areas capable of supporting tensile stre

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145688

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

BAPN (0.1 mg/day) was injected into chick embryos for 4 days starting on the 7th day of incubation. On the 11th day, the embryos were administered either 3H-proline or 3H-lysine. 36 h later, the incorporation of each isotope by the periosteal osteogenic cells as well as into bone matrix was investigated by autoradiography. The incorporation of the two isotopes into whole bones was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. 3H-proline incorporation into the cellular or matrical compartments was unaffected by treatment. As compared to the controls, 3H-lysine label in BAPN-treated embryonic bones was significantly higher in the cellular compartment but was reduced over the bone matrix. The data provide the first direct morphological evidence that BAPN probably induces certain changes in the maturation of collagen involving lysyl residues which result in an inhibition of cross-linkage formation in collagen.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145689

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger