摘要:

The extrinsic innervation of the pelvic organs in neonatal and adult female rats is described. Mainly an in toto acetylcholinesterase method is used; moreover, acetyl-cholinesterase is demonstrated in sections. The hypogastric plexus is defined as the nerve plexuses caudal to the inferior mesenteric ganglia comprising the uterine cervical ganglia and various smaller ganglia. The origin of the hypogastric plexus is formed by the hypogastric nerves, bundles of nerve fibers from the lumbar and cranial part of the sacral sympathetic trunks, bundles of nerve fibers from the inferior mesenteric ganglia and the pelvic nerves. The origin of the caudal part of the hypogastric plexus is also constituted by the pudendal nerves. The uterine nerves are derived from the ovarian nerves, the uterine cervical ganglia, the hypogastric nerves and the lumbar sympathetic trunks. The nerves to the urinary bladder are derived from the ganglionated nerve plexuses in the mesometrium as well as from the uterine cervical ganglia. The vaginal nerves are derived from the uterine cervical ganglia, the ganglionated nerve plexus in the mesometrium and the pudendal nerve. The rectal nerves are derived from the ganglionated inferior mesenteric plexus, the uterine cervical ganglia and the pudendal nerves. The hypogastric plexus in the rat is in many respects more complex than is known from the literature. These anatomical data are relevant for instance to experimentators who use the pelvic autonomic plexuses in the rat as a model system for the analysis of autonomic neuronal regulation systems in mammals.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145249

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The structure of the transitional epithelium of pig, sheep, rat and shrew was examined by ultrathin serial sections. The epithelium consists of basal, intermediate and superficial cells. The epithelia of all four species are stratified and are distinguished by a different number of intermediate cell layers.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145250

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fine structure of the retinal epithelial layer has been studied by electron microscopy in the bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). The retinal epithelium over most of the retina is fairly typical of other vertebrates and consists of a single layer of heavily pigmented cuboidal cells joined laterally by cell junctions. These cells display extensive basal (scleral) infoldings and numerous apical (vitreal) processes which enclose photoreceptor outer segments. The bushbaby possesses a choroidal tapetum lucidum located in the posterior fundus. Over this tapetum the retinal epithelial cells are squamous and non-pigmented. However, as in the non-tapetal area, basal infoldings, apical processes and lateral cell junctions are present as are numerous mitochondria and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is not abundant. Over the tapetal region the typical fenestrated choriocapillaris is displaced and indents the retinal epithelial layer. Bruch’s membrane in such an indented area is reduced to a single basal lamina from its normal pentalaminate structure seen in the non-tapetal area. In the non-tapetal region particularly the tips of the photoreceptor outer segments are composed of an amorphous material rather than typical outer segment disc

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145251

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A female prostate related to the upper end of the urethra and neck of the bladder is reported. The glandular acini are lined by cubical or low columnar epithelium and contain esosinophilic secretion. Urethral glands are also found in the wall of the female urethra.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145252

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The coronal suture with the adnexa was excised in 1-week-old rats and replanted onto the exposed dura mater of the same rat. After replantation, the original internal part of the suture (= pars interna) was located on the external surface of the cranial vault, while the original external part (= pars externa) was located on the dura mater. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after operation. The microscopic observations, done 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks after replantations, reveal that gradually such alterations occur in the replanted suture that the pars interna transforms into a pars externa and vice versa. These modifications are discussed in the light of the general articulations of the cranial bones. In the observed alterations of the replanted coronal suture we see a confirmation of the hinge hypothesis proposed by Oudhof.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145253

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have re-examined the arrangement of epithelia surrounding molar teeth with limited eruption in the rat, mouse and hamster. Our methods permitted enamel to be retained in paraffin and glycolmethacrylate sections, so providing optimal preservation of epithelial relationships. Three basic patterns of epithelial arrangement were observed on the various aspects of molars. Non-keratinized junctional epithelium covers the interdental septum and the base of all gingival crevices even in areas of gingival recession. In all areas other than the interdental septum, a fold of keratinized gingival epithelium lies beneath the lateral aspects of junctional epithelium. The buccal and lingual aspects of interdental septa show a zone of transition between these two basic types of epithelial arrangement. In intact gingiva the junctional epithelium can be seen to extend a considerable distance on to enamel surfaces, with the result that actual gingival crevice depths are even less than previously assumed. Artefacts resulting from loss of enamel during processing are discussed in the light of previous attempts to explain epithelial arrangements in rodent gingivae.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145254

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Treatment of norethisterone (a synthetic progestin-only contraceptive) with a daily dosage of 0.5 mg/rat, consecutively for 75 days increased gland weight and caused hyperthyroidism in the albino rat. This was evident from gravimetric and histological studies. The findings suggest that even progestogen-only contraceptives have untoward effects upon thyroid gland function in the albino rat.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145255

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The intrinsic innervation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue in adult dogs of both sexes was studied in paraffin sections stained with Bodian, Holmes, cholinesterase and other stains. In all the sections, a subepithelial plexus of nerve fibres and cells was always seen on the dorsum of the tongue. Nerve endings were seen extending in between the epithelial cells on the dorsum of the tongue. The nerve cells were usually spindle-shaped and collected to form numerous ganglia in the submucosa. There were other ganglia in the tongue whose structure was very much similar to terminal autonomic ganglia. The significance of the ganglia consisting of bipolar nerve cells is being discussed.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145256

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ligaments and folds of the middle ear are compared with the mesentery of the abdominal cavity. From a philogenetic point of view, these structures first appear in the cynodonts. These ligaments maintain the malleus and the incus in the tympanic cavity, increasing the transmission of the auditory system. Some of these ligaments and folds are different in some mammals. A mucous fold has been described in the posterosuperior quadrant of the human tympanic membrane. It emerges from the highest portion of the handle of the malleus near its neck and runs back and up to descend in the ceiling of the tympanic cavity. In this paper we have searched this mucous fold in 104 ears of 12 mammalian species, including three species of primates. We found it only in 4 Ateles monkeys, where it is similar to that in man. We think that this fold is a vestigial embryonic structure. The knowledge of these folds is important for advances in aural microsurgery; and to know more about the structures that have phylogenetic relations in the evolution of the anatomy of the ear in the animal kingdom.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145257

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Histomorphometric measurements of the adrenal glands of three straight-bred and two cross-bred lines of pigs maintained in hot humid climatic conditions showed that adrenal gland function is not affected by sex. Striking breed influences were however observed in the parameters studied. Paired absolute adrenal weight was higher in Large White (LW) pigs than in the others but the relative adrenal weight was similar and higher in LW, Landrace (LD), West African indigenous (WA) and two-way cross (2×) pigs than in three-way cross (3×) pigs. The adrenal cortex thickness was thinnest in WA pigs while the area of the cortical zone and the cortex/medulla ratio were respectively smaller in WA and 3 × and WA and 2 × pigs than in the others. Relative paired adrenal weight did not change during early pregnancy unlike the thickness and area of the cortex and the cortex/medulla ratio which were highly increa

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145258

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger