摘要:

The oxytocin and vasopressin nerve fibers in the intra- and extrahypothalamic neuronal systems of several mammalian brains are immunohistochemically demonstrated using a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The axonal processes of these peptidergic neurons are classified into thick and thin beaded fibers. Thick beaded fibers were preferentially distributed in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract and in some circum-ventricular organs, with termination on the blood vessels. Thin beaded fibers were found in various extrahypothalamic areas and these terminals were in the vicinity of the neuronal somata of such areas. This report suggests that there are at least two different functions concerning neurotransmission in the oxytocin and vasopressin neuronal system.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145742

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the concentration of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the neurons of mice was studied, using the specific cytochemical stain, azure B bromide. The RNA-rich sites such as the nucleolus and the Nissl substances of large neurons showed a marked decrease in the concentration of RNA in the MSG-treated as compared to the control animals. Since RNA is believed to be the principal macromolecule involved in the learning and behavioral processes, previous reports have attributed learning and behavioral dysfunctions in MSG-treated animals to a significant decrease of the RNA concentration in these animals.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145743

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The contents of the mediastinum take part in a different degree in its inspiratory longitudinal expansion: Heart, pulmonary root, and the bifurcation of the trachea – all of them connected with the diaphragm by pericardium or membrana bronchopericardiaca -move caudad proportional to the sinking of the diaphragm. Compared with the corona cordis the planum cardiacum moves further caudad according to its distance from the upper apertura thoracis. So the heart necessarily has to compensate for this difference by taking an upright position and by rotation to the right. The arcus aortae, however, fixed in the neck by its three main branches cannot perform such a proportional excursion. A significant distance of the left pulmonary root from the aortic arch is the result. At the same time a subaortal space, the ‘spatium subaortale mediastini’, unfolds into which a bulge of the pleura mediastinalis moves. This bulge is filled with tissue of the upper lobe of the left

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145744

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

After irradiation of the retinae of albino mice with a dose of 13 J, using a ruby pulse laser, the lesions were followed for a period of 60 days. Severe degenerations were observed in the outer layer 2–9 days after irradiation. By the 21st day after irradiation, the pigment epithelium started to regenerate and outer segments began to reform. Progressive recovery and repair were by and large completed by the 60th day after irradiatio

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145745

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Normal human ejaculatory ducts were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The lumen, which shows an irregular shape due to complex mucosal folds, is lined by a simple secretory epithelium. A strong cell polymorphism has been observed concerning cell height, nuclear shape, and amount of secretory organelles. Apart from small differences, the epithelium appears to be identical to that of the seminal vesicle and deferential ampulla. These observations demonstrate that the human ejaculatory duct is not only a passage for semen, but also contributes to its formation.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145746

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A histological analysis of the structure of intact knee joint menisci was carried out in adult dogs. By means of specific histochemical methods for the connective tissue and cartilage, it was found that the meniscus as a whole does not have a unique structure. The anterior and posterior horns are populated by round chondroid cells encircled by abundant interstitial substance’and branched wavy connective fibers; blood vessels are present. The outer third of the meniscus is constituted of cross bundles of connective fibers, fibrocytes and spindle-like areas of loose connective tissue with blood vessels. The inner avascular two thirds of the meniscus are filled with parallel circumferentially oriented fascicles of connective fibers, ovally elongated chondroid cells, and a small quantity of chondroid interstitial substance. In some menisci, in the inner two thirds of the body, there are isles of typical cartilage, which show metachromasia of the beta type and rarely of the gamma type. The occurrence and way of the manifestation of cartilage are of an individual character. The structural duality of the knee meniscus is accounted for by its functional duality manifested in offering resistance to the forces of traction and pressure, the latter ones favoring the process of evolution of tissue from connective, through chondroid, to cartilaginou

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The infraorbital gland of golden hamsters has been investigated light and electron microscopically. The main results are as follows: (1) The infraorbital gland of golden hamsters is a tubuloacinar gland. Tubuli and acini are enclosed in a basal lamina with some myoepithelial cells. The cells contain secretory granules with a heteromorphic structure. (2) Like salivary glands, the infraorbital gland of the golden hamster has a prominent duct system. Intercalated ducts have a stratified cuboidal epithelium with secretory granules. The intercalated ducts continue into the striated ducts. Cells here show basal striation, which by electron microscopy is resolved as basal invaginations of the plasma membrane with numerous elongated mitochondria in the pockets of cytoplasm so formed. In the epithelium of the striated ducts are many secretory cells. (3) Interlobular ducts consist of a pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium. The epithelial cells also show basal infoldings of the basal plasmalemma.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145748

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The study involves an SEM examination of the guinea pig seminal vesicle in both normal and old animals and after orchiectomy. The mucosa showed complicated anastomosing folds. The surface cells were characterized by dense and long microvilli. The density of microvilli decreased in old animals. The lateral surfaces were relatively smooth with few ridges interlocking with the neighbouring cells. The irregular basal surface was covered by basal lamina richly endowed with fine collagenous fibres derived from the loose subepithelial stroma. After orchiectomy the mucosal folds were less prominant. The cells were shorter and with sparse and short microvilli while the subepithelial stroma became more condense. Rejection or degeneration of glandular cells were observed. This shows that the morphology of the luminal surfaces is related to age and stages of function and that castration results in a reduction of microvilli and causes degeneration of cells.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145749

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The structure of the photoreceptors of the domestic sheep has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. In the sheep retina the photoreceptors are readily differentiated and adequately described by the classical terminology of rods and cones. Rods are more numerous then cones. They appear as tall slender cells measuring 45–50 µm in length and 2–3 µm in diameter with inner and outer segments of the same diameter. Rod nuclei are located at all levels of the outer nuclear layer. The rod synaptic ending is small and rounded with two to three invaginated (ribbon) synaptic sites. Cone cells are shorter than rods, measuring only 30–35 µm in total length. The cone inner segment is wider than the outer segment which tapers distally. Cone nuclei are located adjacent to the external limiting membrane and are more vesicular than rod nuclei. Cone synaptic endings are larger spherules with ten to twelve (ribbon) synaptic sites. Both rods and cones also display supperficial synaptic regions. An unusual form of apparent degeneration is noted in cone photoreceptors. This involves a disorganization and loss of the outer segment and a progressive distal movement of the nucleus through the inner segment towards the retinal epithelial layer. The structure and ratio of rods and cones remains similar in both the tapetal and nontapetal regions of th

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145750

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The total number and the number of Purkinje cells per square millimeter of the surface of the cerebellar granular layer were measured in albino rats from two strains: Chbb-THOM-Wist and Han: SPRD. The total number of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermian lobules L I and L X with the exception of cells in the lobules VIb + c did not differ significantly. Statistically significant differences were found between the individuals of the two rat strains and within single lobules of the cerebella concerning the cell density of Purkinje cells per square millimeter surface of the granular layer. The results suggest heterogeneity of the cerebellar cortex between cerebellar lobules and between albino rats derived from different strains.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145751

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger