摘要:

On 200 randomized specimens of the human heart, of either sex, from 20 to 80 years of age, we investigated the vascularization of the conducting system of the heart in relation to the type of coronary ramification, by the dissection, injection-corrosive, radiographic and coronarographic method. The symmetrical type of arterial vascularization was established in 24%, the right type in 63% and the left type in 13% of the cases investigated. The sinoatrial node is vas-cularized in 60% by the right and in 40% of the cases by the left coronary artery. The atrio-ventricular node and the stem of the atrioventricular bundle are vascularized by the right coronary artery in 85% of the cases investigated, in 13% by the left and in 2% by both arteries. The right fasciculus of the atrioventricular bundle is vascularized by the left artery, the left fasciculus by both arteries. The vascularization of the posterior strand in both ventricles is conformable to the type of arterial vascularization of the heart.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145626

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The elbow and wrist anatomy of 17 felid species were studied and compared with that of other representative mammalian carnivores. Based on the shape and position of the olecranon fossa, it was determined that for felids the forelimb cannot travel in a ‘pendulumlike’ motion during locomotion, but must travel through an arch away from the parasagittal plane of the body. For the anterior limb, the degree of deviation from the parasagittal plane was correlated with habitat preference. In this regard, those felids that are exclusive forest dwellers (found exclusively in high, densely structured habitats) had the greatest angle of inclination of the olecranon fossa. In addition, these species had a large lateral olecranon tuberosity for the attachment of the lateral head of the triceps muscle. For those felids that inhabit more open terrain (low-structured habitat), the olecranon fossa was less inclined, the medial olecranon tuberosity relatively large, and the medial head of the triceps was significantly heavier than those of the forest felids. Both the wrist and elbow joints exhibited a large degree of mobility which was reflective of the claw-equipped forelimb being used as a hunting wea

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145627

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The intrinsic innervation of the kidney in Rattus rattus rufescens (Indian black rat) has been studied by cholinesterase technique, under various temperatures, incubation periods and different pH values. The percentage of myelinated nerves was rather high in the medulla region, whereas the non-myelinated nerves dominated in association with the uriniferous tubules and their branches, glomerulus and renal vein in the cortex region. Periarterial AChE-positive ganglia were recorded in the medulla region. The perivenous and periglomerulus plexuses were formed by the non-myelinated nerves and their branches.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145628

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Electron-microscopic and cytophotometric studies of the cat abdominal pre- and paravertebral ganglia have revealed that in the prevertebral ganglion there are neurons of two distinct types. The paravertebral ganglion was found to consist of a structurally homogeneous neuronal population.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145629

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The maturing large neurons of the rat red nucleus in animals ranging in age from 1 to 21 days of postnatal life were studied ultrastructurally. Days 1–6 were characterized by rapid morphologic maturation occurring concomitantly with the onset of synaptogenesis. Morphogenesis was confined to the soma, while the first synaptic contacts were also formed in relationship to the soma. Days 6–9 demonstrated continued somal morphogenesis exemplified by cytoplasmic expansion and by the conspicuous presence of perisomatic and growth cone processes. Proximal dendritic morphogenesis was initiated, and synaptogenesis became complex with synaptic sites occurring in relation to the neuronal soma, the perisomatic processes and proximal dendrites. Days 9–15 were characterized by the completion of somal and proximal dendritic morphogenesis and by a massive degree of synaptogenic activity. During this interval, the soma lost perisomatic and growth cone processes, while somatic spines appeared. By the end of this period the neuronal soma and the proximal dendrites appeared mature in terms of both morphology and synaptic input. Complete neuronal maturation was ultimately attained by day 21 of postnatal

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145630

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study of the interosseus arteries has been done on 100 forearms, using anatomical and anatomical-radiological methods. Of the points studied, the following are of particular interest: the mode of origin of the trunk of the interosseus arteries, the systematization of the various types of divisions and the vascular territories of the anterior and posterior branches.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145631

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In vitro perfusion technique and plastic cast injection methods were utilized to study the ipsi- and contralateral anastomosis of the human uterine arteries. The perfusion method repeatedly illustrated the abundant contralateral communications around the cervical region of the uterus. Superficial contralateral anastomosis within the peritoneal coverings was observed in the fundic region of the uterus. Any other myometrial midline crossing of vessels was not reproducible probably due to the specific distortion caused by the leiomyomas of these operatively excised specimens. The plastic cast technique succeeded in mapping out the three-dimensional arterial tree of the uterus. With simultaneous injection into the right and left uterine arteries, and using differently colored plastic on each side, the two-color plastic junction points appeared in the midsagittal plane, and the interarterial anastomosis was clearly visible throughout the entire length of the uterus. This technique exhibited many arterioles traversing into the contralateral side. Furthermore, an extremely dense capillary network with contralateral anastomosis was apparent and distributed according to the multiple-layer organization of the myometrium. Postmenopausal uteri elicited a paramedial arteriole zigzagging across the midline of the posterior wall of the uterus. This type of arteriole was not observed in this study in any of the uteri of females of childbearing age.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145632

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145633

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The innervation of the rabbit cornea was investigated histochemically and electron-microscopically with.special reference to the autonomic nerves. Both formaldehyde- and glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence methods revealed adrenergic nerves in the stroma; a few fibres were also observed between the basal epithelial cells near the limbus. Acetylcholinesterase-(AChE-)positive nerves were found both in the stroma and in the epithelium, whereas nonspecific cholinesterase (NsChE) activity appeared only in the stromal nerves. Under the electron microscope, both AChE and NsChE activities were observed to be located in the axon membranes. A weak NsChE reaction also appeared in the Schwann cells. When the specimens fixed with KMn04 were examined under the electron microscope, most nerve fibres did not contain any special axoplasmic structures, although several axons contained mitochondria. Moreover, two vesicle-containing axon types were found in the stromal nerves; axons with small granular vesicles and axons containing small agranular vesicles. In the epithelium, two types of fibres were observed; one type contained only mitochondria while the other showed both agranular vesicles and mitochondria.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145634

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Hueter-Volkmann law of epiphyseal pressures describes an inverse relationship between static compressive forces parallel to the axis of epiphyseal growth and the rate of growth of that cartilage. Studies of histological sections of the epiphyseal plate of the fourth metatarsals of (a) control, (b) bipedal and (c) bipedal rats with amputation of the fifth metatarsal show that dynamic compressive forces can stimulate epiphyseal cartilage growth. Within certain parameters, both the relief and increase of dynamic compression accelerate epiphyseal growth. It is the amount and kind of loading that are important factors to accelerate epiphyseal growth.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000145635

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger