摘要:

156 abdominal preparations were explored by arteriography, corrosion and dissection. The stomach is vascularized by four well-anastomosed main arteries: the arteria gastrica dextra and sinistra and the arteria gastroepiploica dextra and sinistra. Other important vessels include: the arteria gastroduodenalis, the arteriae gastricae breves for the upper half of the greater curvature, a posterior gastric artery (36%) an accessory left gastric artery (12%) and an arteria supraduodenahs.The main vessels give rise to some very specific collaterals, e.g. the omental arteries that may form an omental arcade (44%), supra- and infra-pyloric branches, retroduodenal branches, rami cardiaci, esophagei and tuberales and an accessory left hepatic artery.The gastroduodenal artery always arises at a fixed point.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146493

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study reports on investigations of the thoracodorsal artery by injection studies.This artery has a long proximal extramuscular course before it enters the muscle. A consistent neurovascular hilum was found at a considerably constant location on the inferior muscle surface, 2–3 cm medial to its lateral edge and about 5 cm distal to the inferior scapular border. A constant branching pattern of the thoracodorsal artery into a lateral and a medial vessel stem was found. A high number of muscle-perforating arteries form a dense network in the cutaneous and subcutaneous layer. The thoracodorsal artery supplies the whole cutaneous area adjacent to the latissimus dorsi muscle plus a streak of about 2 cm at the medial and distal muscle borders. The presented anatomical landmarks are useful for locating the neurovascular hilum, and the intramuscular course of the thoracodorsal artery for exploration of the vessel by Doppler sonography or dissection. The length of the pedicle and the relatively big vessel gauge are good anatomical markers for the free transfer of a latissimus dorsi fla

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146494

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The newborn of 4 pregnant female rats were collected within 24 h of birth. Twelve neonates were used for the study of chromaffín reaction, by both the direct and the indirect methods. The medullary cells could be demonstrated at this stage; however, the demarcation between noradrenaline and adrenaline cells was not quite sharp. Application of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence to the newborn rat adrenal gland was highly significant. A clear distinction could be demonstrated between noradrenaline and adrenaline cells, the former giving off strong, white-green fluorescence and the latter being weakly green-fluorescent. A third type giving off moderate green fluorescence was interposed between the cells and possibly represented an equivocal cell type at this stage. Sympathetic nerves could be demonstrated in relation to blood vessels and medullary cells

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146495

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cross-sections of normal and dystrophic digastric and masseter muscles from 7- and 35- to 40-week-old mice were studied in the light microscope. Comparisons of mean cell size, cell size variance and number of centrally positioned nuclei in a given number of fibers were carried out. The masseter muscle seems at both ages to be far more affected by the disease than the digastric muscle. However, the progression of the disease from 7 to 40 weeks is more pronounced in the digastric muscle than in the masseter muscle.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146496

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 40 hands of adults the ‘loge de Guyon’ a narrow bounded area within the proximal hypothenar region, has been dissected to realize an exact determination of the important characteristics of size. Beside measurements of the wall structures in the region of the pisiform bone, the hook of hamate and the entrances of the loge, variations of muscles and the position of the ulnar artery and nerve with their terminal branches have also been examined.The deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery crosses the rami of the ulnar nerve on the palmar side in 65% of cases. The branch of the artery crosses on the dorsal side in 30% and in 5% the ramus profundus of the ulnar artery runs between both terminal branches of the ulnar nerve. The clinical significance of the loge is emphasized, whereas the irregular nomenclature in the national and international literature is discussed in det

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146497

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated from day 9 through 12 of gestation with either ethanol (12.5% v/v in physiological saline, 0.015 ml/g, i.p.) and nicotine (16.7 mg/kg, s.c), alone or in combination. Corresponding groups of animals received physiological saline in a similar manner and these served as controls. Embryos were recovered on gestational day 12 and were quantitatively assessed on the basis of 16 recognizable developmental endpoints (morphological scores). The head and the crown-rump lengths of the embryos were also measured. Embryos exposed to nicotine and to ethanol-nicotine were significantly affected in their development whereas those exposed to ethanol alone were spared.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146498

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The surfaces and the sulci of the lateral hemispheres of 30 postmortem brain specimens were three-dimensionally measured. The coordinates of all the structures registered constitute a digital brain model. The models were scaled linearly until they fitted a defined cuboid. Then all the models within the reference volume, each represented by a set of points, were considered together. The reference volume was divided into small cubic volume elements (voxels). Two parameters of the voxels were studied: the point density of each structure per voxel and the contribution index which designates how many of the hemispheres contribute points to a certain voxel.The latter parameter may serve as an index for the presence probability of a sulcus, which means the probability with which a sulcus will be contained in a defined volume element. The presence probability of a sulcus corresponds well with its first appearance in embryological development. Spatial variation in the early developing principal sulci is far less than in those which develop in later stages. As regards some defined regions of the brain, statements about the probable location of cortical areas in relation to the commissural system can be made.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146499

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The shape of the synaptic sites (specialized contact areas) was examined on the synaptic membrane fracture faces of freeze-etched rat cortical synaptosomes. Simple and complex synapses were differentiated on the basis of the absence or presence of unspecialized areas in the synaptic sites. The particle-free nature of these areas is discussed.

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146500

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The response of the condylar cartilage to alterations in compressive joint reaction forces in vivo has been little studied. In an attempt to reduce or eliminate the occlusal forces resulting from mastication or incision, male weanling rats were fed a soft diet requiring little chewing and/or had their incisors clipped every other day. Incorporation (dpm/µg DNA) of [3H]-thymidine and [35S]-sulfate was significantly decreased relative to controls in the incisorclipped group, but not in the soft-diet group. Animals having both treatments also exhibited significantly lower incorporation values than controls, suggesting the importance of incision for loading at the mandibular joint. These data corroborate in vitro studies which suggest that compressive forces can affect mitotic activity and synthesis of proteoglycans in the condylar cartilage. However, additional factors, both hormonal and biomechanical in nature, may be important in the in vivo environment

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146501

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The function of the coracoacromial ligament was investigated in 8 dissecting-room scapulae. Strain gauges were attached around the coracoid process and the acromion, and tension (50 or 100 N) applied through the remaining muscle stumps. The results showed that, after division of the ligament, significantly more distortion could be measured in the acromion than in the coracoid process, which suggests that the ‘stay’ effect of the coracoacromial ligament is stronger for the former. Since the degree of distortion is largely dependent on the direction of pull the ligament is interpreted as a dynamic brace between the two processes of the scap

ISSN:1422-6405    

DOI:10.1159/000146502

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger