摘要:

Daily temperature variations in the rocks and soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica (77°40'S, 162°45'E) were recorded during December and January 1976–77. Two series of measurements were taken, each lasting three days. Under clear skies, daily temperature ranges of about 35°C are possible. Maximum temperatures reach +30°C. At greater depths, daily maximum and minimum peaks become less distinct and show delays of some hours. The permafrost table in the Nussbaum Riegel (Taylor Valley) lies at a depth of 70–100 cm in rock and at 20–30 cm in soil. Depending on albedo and relief situations in certain locations the permafrost table lies even closer to the surface. Temperature and moisture data were used to explain the physical weathering processes affecting rocks in Taylor Valley. Microclimate is a dominant factor in frost shattering and in temperature‐induced stress in the rocks. Temperature differences within the rocks and soil initiate salt weathering processes. High summer temperatures well above 0°C allow chemical weathering processes at the rock surface in Antarctica. Well‐preserved small‐scale features of glacial erosion on the top of the Nussbaum Riegel (850 m) in the center of Taylor Valley tend to contradict the theory that this part of the valley has been free of ice for a long time. (The translation is by William Barr of the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377157

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Land surfaces in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, totally devoid of vegetation, are actively sculptured by winds that often reach velocities of more than 100 km/h. Deflation and abrasion are thus key factors in the process of slope formation. Water erosion, active only during the short summer period, is limited to a few localities. Experiments in a wind tunnel proved that ventifacts in the Dry Valleys can be formed within a few decades or, at most, a few centuries. Yearly abrasion rates average a few millimeters. Considerable variability is caused by the different exposures of the ventifacts within the microrelief and by varying rock resistance. The importance of ice crystals (snow) as an abrasive agent should not be overestimated. (The translation is by William Ban of the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377158

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rapid coastal erosion may be observed in many places in the Arctic as a result of thermal abrasion in ice‐rich unconsolidated sediments and especially in massive ground ice. In two instances, those of Semenovskiy and Vasil'yevskiy islands in the Laptev Sea, the result, documented in the literature, has been the disappearance of the islands. The authors analyze the results of various surveys and present their findings as to the pattern and rates of coastal erosion and lowering of the seabed (also due to thermal abrasion) on the sites of the former islands since their disappearance. (For comparison with the situation in the Beaufort Sea, discussion of the similar disappearance of St. Diomede Island in Laptev Strait and some ideas as to how this phenomenon relates to such “disappearing islands”; as “Sannikov Land”; see: William Barr, “Retreating coasts and disappearing islands in the Arctic,”;The Musk‐OxNo. 18, 1976, pp. 103–111.) (The translation is by William Barr of the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377159

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A paper presented in April 1978 at the 7th session of the Commission on Special Applications of Meteorology of the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva estimates the radiational, wind and atmospheric moisture resources of Antarctica on the basis of long‐term series of observation.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377160

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Space‐time sections of the mean thermal fields of the atmosphere in Antarctica are examined. The paper gives data on changes in temperature through the year, extreme temperatures at various levels and characteristics of the cold center in the stratosphere.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377161

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The scale of disturbances in the atmospheric temperature field of Antarctica is estimated by means of extreme values and structural and correlation functions. It is shown that the time scale of disturbances in the lower troposphere is determined by the natural synoptic period (about five days). The author describes some peculiarities of the vertical extent of the processes that shape the temperature field. The disturbances reach their greatest magnitude over time and along the vertical in the lower stratosphere above Antarctica.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377162

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377163

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378209377156

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor