摘要:

The decade of the 1930s represented one of the darkest chapters in the history of the USSR; millions of people from every walk of Soviet life were “repressed,”; often without rhyme or reason, the degree of “repression”; varying from simple dismissal, through exile, imprisonment and torture to execution. Those working in the North were no exception. Scientists, ship captains, and leading northern administrators were all at risk. Those involved in the disastrous 1937 navigation season, when 26 ships were forced to winter at various points along the Northern Sea Route, suffered particularly. In this exposé the author details, as far as he can, the fates of many famous arctic scientist and explorers, including such individuals as R. L. Samoylovich, M. M. Yermolayev, N. I. Yevgenov, and N. N. Urvantsev.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377386

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article examines the problem of the relationship between ice caps and permafrost on the basis of the Pleistocene history of Asia. It is demonstrated that during the cryogenic epochs, and specifically during the period 30,000–16,000 years, B.P., permafrost covered a greater areal extent than ice sheets. The questions of the origin of major bodies of ground ice in the plains of Northern Eurasia, and of the cryogenic conditions during early stages of the geological history of the Earth are discussed. Cryological conditions prevailing on other planets in the solar system are also briefly discussed.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377387

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

After a brief history of earlier endeavors at international cooperation in the Arctic, the article presents a brief account of the proceedings of the Conference of Arctic‐Rim Countries, held in Leningrad in 1988. The proposals of each of the major sections of the conference are summarized and the expected benefits from the creation of IASC (the International Arctic Scientific Committee) are outlined.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377388

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article presents an overview of the freshwater fisheries of northern Siberia, in terms of the waters fished, the species exploited, and present catches. Overfishing of certain species (and especially the exploitation of immature individuals) and the elimination of spawning grounds by the building of dams on the Upper Ob’, in particular, coupled with industrial pollution, have led to drastic decreases in fish catches over the past few decades.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377389

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Long‐term studies carried out in the test basin of the Bol'shaya Khadata River have allowed the authors to describe the complex of glacio‐nival phenomena typical of the rock tundra zone of the Polar Urals. It was found that the winters are characterized by snow drifting, which results in redistribution of snow at the macro‐ and especially the meso‐scale. Avalanches usually come down in the period October‐April after heavy snowfalls and snow drifting; they usually originate from valley slopes and from the brows of plateaux. Avalanches are frequent in June. Small avalanches originating from both points and lines are usually typical of this period. Minor slush/mud flows come down in spring, while larger flows, descending the beds of small streams, are observed in early summer. In general the zone of great slush/ mud flow hazard coincides with the area of widespread occurrence of glacier and snow patches. Icings occur in river beds and on floodplains of practically all major streams and rivers. The largest icings, their dimensions reaching 5–10 km2and their mean ice thickness reaching 1.5–2 m, develop on the floodplains of rivers flowing from lakes. It has proved possible to evaluate snow‐and‐ice hazards of the region in question on the basis of quantitative data on each of the snow‐and‐ice phenomena; this is of importance at the stage of designing construction projects in this area.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377390

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The main properties of the arctic snowpack are analyzed, together with its role in protecting the soil and vegetation cover from mechanical impacts of vehicles, especially tracked all‐terrain vehicles. It was shown that at the start of snowmelt, snow is compacted in the tracks, thus forming a unique protective buffer where the snow is relatively dry. The characteristics of the process of snow compaction in the track, protecting the vegetation cover from the direct impact of metal grouser plates of Soviet all‐terrain vehicles are presented. The prospects of reducing the negative impact of vehicles on the soil and vegetation cover where a snow cover exists are discussed.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377391

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article discusses in detail the programs of soundings carried out from the sea ice in Alasheyev Bight, near Molodezhnaya Station over the period 1962–1987. A map showing the areas covered by the sounding traverses is presented, and some of the major hazards to navigation are discussed.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377392

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the development and growth of thermokarst ponds on abandoned fields vis‐à‐vis those in undisturbed forest in an area of moderately ice‐rich sediments on the Lena‐Amgin interfluve in Central Yakutia. Field observations over the period 1976–1985 were augmented by analysis of aerial photos flown in 1952 and by interviews with local residents. Over the decade of observation, no new thermokarst ponds appeared in the undisturbed forest, whereas 7 appeared in the abandoned fields. The rates of widening of the ponds in the abandoned fields were several times greater than those in the undisturbed forest. Particularly rapid expansion of the thermokarst ponds coincided with particularly moist years.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377393

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378909377385

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor