摘要:

In the early years of this century the Chief Hydrographic Directorate of the Imperial Russian Navy mounted a concerted attempt at surveying the Northern Sea Route with a view to determining its feasibility as a commercial shipping route. Two specially‐built icebreaking survey ships,TaymyrandVaygachbegan operations from the Bering Strait end of the route in 1910. Since it was late in the season and ice conditions in the Chukchi Sea were bad, that first voyage was little more than a reconnaissance sortie. Over the next three seasons the. ships worked their way progressively farther west along the arctic coast of Siberia, sounding and surveying as they went, and returning to Vladivostok every winter. In 1911 they reached the mouth of the Kolyma, in 1912 the east coast of the Taymyr Peninsula, and in 1913 they discovered the archipelago now known as Severnaya Zemlya. In 1914 the two ships were ordered to attempt the through‐passage to Arkhangel'sk but due to heavy ice conditions were forced to winter near the west end of Vil'litskiy Strait. They reached Arkhangel'sk safely in the summer of 1915. While a considerable amount of the survey and oceanographic material from the expedition has been published previously, the first major compilation of the scientific results has only recently been released.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377258

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Over the period 1910–1915 the Imperial Russian Navy's Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition aboard the icebreakersTaymyrandVaygachwas engaged in charting the Northern Sea Route. After a brief initial foray into the Chukchi Sea in the late summer of 1910, the two ships pushed progressively farther west over the following three summers, returning to Vladivostok each fall. In 1914 the plan was for the two ships to make the through‐passage to Arkhangel'sk but heavy ice conditions forced them to winter in the eastern part of the Kara Sea, and hence they did not reach Arkhangel'sk until the summer of 1915.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377259

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Comparison of sounding surveys made 20 years apart have revealed that subsequent to thermal abrasion and retreat of coasts developed in ice‐rich Quaternary sediments in the Olenek‐Anabar section of the Laptev Sea coast, depths on the submarine nearshore slope continue to increase as a result of thermal abrasion, at rates which may attain 0.8–1.0 m over the period in question. On open sections of the Laptev Sea shelf sounding traverses have revealed the progressive development of thermokarst forms, particularly those resulting from the melting of ice wedges. Melting of smaller ice inclusions is also leading to a general lowering of the sea bed.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377260

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

On the basis of analysis of the macro‐remains of vegetation the authors have reconstructed the evolution of a polygonal peat bog in Semmeldalen on Nordenskiöld Land, Svalbard since approximately 4,500 B.P. They were able to identify the details of plant succession as reflecting development of the tundra polygons and associated changes in drainage conditions. In addition, species composition was confirmed by palynological analysis; species variation clearly reflected the warmer conditions of the Subboreal (Holocene climatic optimum) and the colder, snowier conditions of the Subatlantic.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377261

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this attempt at reconstructing temperatures during the Little Ice Age on the basis of dendrochronology, the author used ten‐year running means for tree ring growth in the Ary‐Mas forest island in the Khatanga Basin and also a generalized tree‐ring series for the entire length of the treeline from the Kola Peninsula to Chukotka. These curves are keyed to temperature curves from Khatanga and Turukhansk. Her data would suggest that the mean annual air temperature at the culmination of the Little Ice Age in the 17th century was 0.8° ± 0.2° lower than at present.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377262

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

First results of isotope‐geochemical investigations of an ice core from Vestfonna (Nordaustlandet) are presented. Interpretation of δ18O and Cl−curves is based on data on the stratigraphy of the ice core, according to which the mean annual rate of accumulation is 81 cm w.e. The upper part of the δ18O curve from the core is in good keeping with data from other cores obtained from Svalbard. Great discrepancies between the curves for the period between the 13th and 16th centuries testify to the influence of local physical‐geographical conditions on the isotope composition of atmospheric precipitation.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377263

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chemical analyses of ice cores from Vestfonna, Nordaust‐landet, have suggested that samples obtained from the upper 25 m of the glacier contain excessive concentrations of some heavy metals, especially Zn, Pb, Cu and sulphates. This is related to the growing impact of man‐made emissions into the environment. Periods of volcanic activity are clearly marked at the 40 m and 60 m levels. Variations in values of Cl−and Na concentrations in the core, when compared with data on ice structure and dynamics of sea ice in the western sector of the Arctic allow one to identify a period of climatic warming in the 12th‐16th centuries and a period of cooling in the 17th‐18th centuries.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377264

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377265

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378509377257

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor