摘要:

The paper consists of two main parts. The more general first part deals with chemical weathering processes in Victoria Land, Antarctica, where salt occurrences and salt‐fretting were studied. The regional second part reports on similar research carried out in the Darwin Mountains (80°S) where microclimatic conditions of weathering processes during the antarctic summer were investigated. Temperatures in different rocks, in soils and in snow were recorded by thermistors, and the moisture content was determined. In summer, temperatures close to the surface of rocks and soils reach well above freezing point, ranging often from 10°C to a maximum above 30°C. Water infiltrates into the soil only where snow melts; here for a short period of time the water necessary for chemical weathering is available. The salts present in rocks and soils were mineralogically analyzed. Most of the salts collected consist of calcite, mirabilite, thenardite, and halite. On the basis of the measurements taken, the water circulation within the soils and the processes of salt migration as well as salt‐fretting are discussed in some detail. It is suggested that the so‐called “inner rock polygons”; described here for the first time result from thermal contraction during the winter months when temperatures drop to well below ‐50°C. These cracks are considered to be of major importance for salt‐fretting and frost shattering. Following a brief geomorphological description of the Darwin Mountains region, daily summer temperature curves from snow, rocks, and soil are presented and discussed. (Previous papers by the senior author on this general research area appeared inPolar Geography and GeologyApril‐June 1982.) (Translation by William Barr, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377191

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The author presents maps of the mean annual totals of positive and negative daily temperatures in the Arctic and analyzes their distribution and year‐to‐year variability. (The translation is by Elena Baranov, University of Kansas, Lawrence.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377192

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The authors examine the peculiarities of localization of mean annual fluctuations of the temperature regime and ice conditions in the western and eastern sectors of the Soviet Arctic and analyze possible physical causes of the opposition that is revealed. (Paper read at a Soviet‐American symposium in Tbilisi, October 1979.) (The translation is by Elena Baranov, University of Kansas, Lawrence.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377193

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The author describes the spatial patterns of glaciation, permafrost, vegetation and other features in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres during glacial periods. These patterns are compared to present‐day conditions. A model of atmospheric circulation is proposed to explain the distribution of these phenomena. (The translation is by Elena Baranov, University of Kansas, Lawrence.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377194

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using the well known Camp Century oxygen‐isotope curve, the author examines the effect that changes in environmental conditions have had on δ18O values. The data from paleogeographical and geochronological studies are used to formulate a theoretical basis for the development of glaciation in the Arctic 13,000–7,000 years ago. Glacial events are then correlated with the observed variation of δ18O in ice core samples. The role of oxygen‐isotope curves in detecting regional climatic changes and in reconstructing past environments is also discussed. Finally, the problem of the stratigraphic classification of ice cores is considered in this article. (The translation is by Elena Baranov, University of Kansas, Lawrence.)

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377195

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377196

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378309377190

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor