摘要:

Automatic weather stations were used in the Arctic by the German Meteorological Services from 1942 to 1945 to supply synoptic meteorological data for weather analysis and forecasting in Europe and the Atlantic once Danish and Norwegian weather stations in the Arctic had ceased operations or had come under control of the Allies in 1941–42 and when operations by German weather ships in the area were unsuccessful. The aim of this account is to give some impression of the development and operation of these automatic weather stations which have remained previously little known.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377277

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Palynological studies were carried out of surface and Quaternary samples from the lower terraces of the Selennyakh River in Yakutia. Reconstructions of the flora and climate indicate that two pronounced terraces (at heights of 9 and 12–13 m) were formed at different stages of the Kargin epoch.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377278

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During the Early and Middle Pleistocene and the early part of the Late Pleistocene persistent downwarping led to a major transgression in northern West Siberia, extending generally from the Polar Urals to the Central Siberian Plateau. This transgressive phase began in the Tobol'sk period of the Early Pleistocene and reached its maximum during Salekhard time; the Kazantsev period was largely a regressive phase. Minor regressions at the end of the Tobol'sk and Salekhard periods saw the accumulation of unstratified “drift‐like”; deposits in which transport by icebergs and sea ice played a major role. No continental ice sheets existed in this area during the traditional glacial epochs of the Early and Middle Pleistocene.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377279

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Gully landforms caused by thermal erosion which have been observed in the north of Western Siberia are discussed. A new index is introduced to characterize volumes of material removed by thermal erosion; the area has been subdivided into regions on the basis of the index values. The main factors controlling the nature and distribution of thermal erosion are considered. It is shown that the process is most fully developed in the north within the arctic tundra zone; the size and volume of the gullies are at a maximum in this zone. Values decrease towards the south becoming lowest in the forest tundra and northern tayga. The zonal nature of the thermal erosion is controlled by the climatic parameters of the various zones; the northern regions are characterized by a maximum concentration of runoff (due to rapid snowmelt) and by an almost total absence of a developed root system, since most of the vegetation consists of mosses and lichens.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377280

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The river deltas of the arctic coast of Siberia fall into three main categories: deltas infilling gulfs or inlets, e.g., the Taz and Pur, deltas infilling rivermouth lagoons, e.g., the Yana and Indigirka, and deltas which are advancing out from an open sea coast, e.g., the Lena. Each type of delta is discussed in terms of its geometry and channel network, distribution of discharge, lengthening at the mouth, geomorphology of the delta, the hydrodynamics of the area to seaward of the delta, and the boundaries of the rivermouth area and of the delta. A distinction is also made between the “old delta”; and the “present delta”; on the basis of channel geometry, fluvial and deltaic processes and the geomorphology of the two areas. Present processes of delta formation on the arctic coast of Siberia are proceeding at a relatively slow rate, a phenomenon which is ascribed mainly to the retarding effect of permafrost.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377281

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The details of plant succession on arctic tundra were studied for three different environments on Spitsbergen: on raised beach ridges, on recent moraines, and on emergent salt marshes. The results are compared with data from other arctic locations. The time necessary for initial establishment of climax conditions was found to be of the order of 3000–3500 years in the case of the beach ridges, 1000–1500 years on terminal moraines, and about 3000 years in the case of emergent salt marshes.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377282

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Comparison of cartographic data, field observations and satellite imagery for the period since the turn of the century have made it possible to make numerical evaluations of changes in the glaciers on the archipelagoes of the Eurasian Arctic, i.e., Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. This analysis reveals that the rate of glacier fluctuations becomes progressively slower as one moves away from the main source of precipitation, namely, the North Atlantic. In some cases the analyses confirm fairly closely the results of mass balance calculations. It was demonstrated that observations on the Svalbard glaciers are particularly crucial in that they perform the role of natural indicators of glacier fluctuations in the Eurasian Arctic.

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377283

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377284

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0273-8457    

DOI:10.1080/10889378609377276

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor