ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors describe a pilot investigation using ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) to assess rapid eye movement (REM) latency in 11 depressed inpatients before and after a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prior to beginning ECT, all subjects had REM latencies of 56 minutes or less (mean 22 min). A course of ECT was associated with clinical improvement in every patient and a statistically significant (p < 0.0002) increase of 67% in mean REM latency (37 min). However, individual patients showed marked variability in REM latency both during and after the course of ECT, and 7 of the 11 responders continued to exhibit shortened REM latencies of 34 min or less. Technical considerations related to PSG studies during ECT are reviewed and the clinical and theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinical, neuropsychological, and electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 150 ECT-treated patients with affective disorders were analyzed to bear upon current hypotheses about neurophysiological mechanisms of action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Comparisons of responders and nonresponders revealed little or no evidence to support kindling, sensitization, diencephalic stimulation, or anticonvulsant theories. Neuropsychological test data supported right hemispheric dysfunctions in affective illness which resolved more in ECT responders than in nonresponders. There were more impairments in dominant and bilateral hemispheric functions after successful than after unsuccessful ECT. The amount of EEG slowing and paroxysmal activity was not related to therapeutic response. Transient left-sided EEG slowing was associated with positive ECT response whereas right-sided EEG changes were not. The data support the hypothesis that in patients with affective disorders, ECT restores hemispheric equilibrium with enhancement of right brain functions and dampening of the left.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examines the time course of plasma insulin and glucose concentrations following a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and the last of 10 once-daily ECS in rats. In contrast to a report in humans, neither single nor repeated ECS leads to an increase of plasma insulin. There was only a slight increase in blood glucose concentrations following either treatment.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a double-blind prospective study, 29 endogenously depressed patients (RDC) were randomized into sinusoidal wave (SW) and brief-pulse (BP) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) groups. Bilateral modified treatments were administered on alternate days, three per week, and the treatment variables of current dosage and seizure duration were monitored for each treatment. Significantly more patients responded to SW than to BP ECT, but a comparable number of treatments was required to produce this response in the two groups. There was no difference in clinical or treatment variables between the SW and the BP groups, nor between ECT responders and nonresponders, with the exception that the SW-treated patients received larger doses of current per treatment than did the BP patients. For endogenous depression treated with ECT, we conclude that cumulative seizure duration may not be a parameter of significance, that overall rate of recovery in ECT responders is independent of stimulus waveform, and that some depressives may respond to SW but not to BP ECT. We suggest that the antidepressant effect of the ECT seizure may be characterized by a therapeutic window in current requirements; alternatively, a putative response threshold (again in terms of current requirement) may exist, which is higher in some patients than in others.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The indications for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are focused on one or a few treated subpopulations. We retrospectively reviewed all ECT treatment series in 1984 in Aarhus Psychiatric Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. Patients with diagnoses other than endogenous depression were successfully treated with ECT. The diagnoses included mania, manic-depressive mixed states, acute exacerbations in schizophrenia, reactive psychosis and delirium, most of whom were in a very severe condition. This experience is described.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An open trial of electroconvulsive therapy was conducted in nine subjects who met DSM-III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. There was an initial reduction in symptomatology that lasted from 1 to 4 months. Subjects who had less obsessive-compulsive (anankastic) personality traits responded better. There was also the post hoc observation that subjects who were agitated did better. We observed correlations between depression and interference scores, but not with symptom scores, suggesting that ECT has anti-obsessional activity.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Spurred by the growing interest in brain transplants for Parkinson's disease, we suggested that a therapeutic trial of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) should be considered before transplants were undertaken, and that such a hazardous procedure should only be considered in patients who failed an adequate trial of ECT as well as other antiparkinson treatments (Convulsive Ther. 4: 189–191, 1988). In response, a prominent neuroscientist argued that the clinical course of Parkinson's disease is almost invariably one of relentless progression of signs and symptoms with the individual eventually becoming functionally disabled, that despite recent editorials, the consensus among groups performing adrenal transplants is that the procedure is effective, that the transplant work is based on a firm background of basic science, and that before ECT is tested clinically, its mechanism of action should first be fully explored in an animal model. In this hypothesis, Dr. Fochtmann summarizes the results of the many studies of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in the animal model. These reports may be sufficiently compelling to encourage prospective clinical trials of ECT in patients with Parkinson's disease, or random assignment trials to surgery or to ECT of patients scheduled for surgical implants.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An elderly female patient with major depression and persistent tardive dyskinesia was treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In addition to complete recovery from depression, a significant improvement was also observed in her symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. Further study of the effects of ECT on tardive dyskinesia is warranted.

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0749-8055    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID