ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Gastrointestinal complaints are common in infants and children and can result from the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Although the therapeutic management of these symptoms involves both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions, very few treatments have been designed specifically for a pediatric population. This report summarizes various therapeutic options for treating common gastrointestinal conditions and symptoms in pediatric patients. In addition, preliminary results are presented for a multicenter, open-label study of a new pediatric antacid preparation. We gave 321 children from 2–11 years old Children's MYLANTA Upset Stomach Relief to treat complaints of upset stomach associated with acid indigestion, sour stomach or heartburn, or overindulgence of food and drink during a 2-week period. The product was associated with high rates of effectiveness and acceptance by physicians, parents, and children. Children experienced substantial relief of their gastrointestinal symptoms within 1 hour of taking this new antacid, as evidenced by the large changes in symptom ratings that were performed before and after dosing. An extraordinary 95% of the physicians' ratings and 92% of the parents' ratings of the overall effectiveness of the medication were “excellent” or “good.” The pediatric antacid preparation was very well tolerated, with fewer than 5% of the children reporting side effects that could be considered at least possibly related to the medication. Thus, these preliminary results indicate that Children's MYLANTA Upset Stomach Relief-the first antacid specifically formulated for pediatric use—is well tolerated and highly effective in relieving common gastrointestinal symptoms in both young and older children.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We have studied 20 normotensive subjects under metolopramide (MTC) treatment. MTC was administered by intravenous infusion during a 30-min period at the dose of 7.5 μg kg1min-1. Two 5% glucose infusion 30-min periods, before and after MTC, were used. Subjects were asked to immerse their right hands in ice water (0–4°C) for 60 s during each protocol period. Blood pressure was decreased by MTC before the cold pressor test (CPT). During the MTC period, there was a higher pressor response to cold stress, which was only significant for female subjects. Our results suggest that gender-dependent MTC-induced vascular hyperreactivity attributed to a dopaminergic mechanism is probably related to estrogen, progesterone, or other active metabolic breakdown products or possibly an undescribed humoral influence.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A novel tyrphostin (2-cyano-3-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-butenethioamide) (CHB) with a methyl group adjacent to the aromatic ring has been synthesized. The new compound inhibits the autophosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase and the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by this receptor kinase with an IC of approximately 1 μM. It also decreased the proliferation of a cell line transformed with the keratinocyte growth factor kinase but had no effect on the parent NIH/3T3 cells. Neither cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase nor protein kinase C activities were affected by the new tyrphostin.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed with three objectives: first, to characterize the analgesic time-course of choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) in relation to the fixed combination of acetaminophen and codeine; second, to determine whether codeine enhanced the analgesia produced by CMT for the treatment of postoperative dental pain; and third, to test a clinical method for measuring onset and duration of analgesic effect and analyze these data utilizing recently developed statistical techniques. This single-blind trial was performed in 36 patients with third-molar extraction pain to compare the analgesic activity of CMT 2000 mg (alone and in combination with a slow-release codeine 100 mg formulation, CMT + controlled-release codeine [CRC]) to that of acetaminophen 650 mg + codeine 60 mg (acetominophen and codeine phosphate preparation [APAP] + C). Analgesia was assessed over 24 h based on pain intensity, pain relief, onset and duration of relief, and a number of derived variables. CMT + CRC was statistically superior to APAP + C for many summary measures. CMT alone had less adverse effects, and it was statistically superior to APAP + C for several hourly measures of analgesia. The distribution functions of the two CMT treatments for duration of relief significantly differed from that of APAP + C, indicating a statistically longer duration of relief for the CMT treatments. In addition, a significantly longer duration of relief was seen for CMT + CRC compared to CMT alone. APAP + C had a significantly shorter time to onset of relief than either of the CMT treatments, and the combination was significantly better than CMT alone at 1 hr. The percent of patients requiring remedication significantly differed among the treatments, with 58, 36 and 85% of the patients in the CMT, CMT + CRC, and APAP + C groups requiring remedication. the CMT treatments showed an analgesic effect which, after the first hour, was at least equal to or better and of a longer duration than that achieved with APAP + C. The results of this study indicate that the stopwatch approach is indeed suitable for measuring duration as well as onset of effect, in that its use distinguished the treatments with respect to both onset and duration of analgesia. Further research is necessary to obtain a database of onset and duration of standard analgesics.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Drug-induced changes in plasma potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) homeostasis during physical exercise are important because hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Because β-blocking drugs reduce mortality in coronary heart disease, counteract the hypokalemic action of epinephrine, and potentiate exercise-induced hyperkalemia, we administered orally 50 mg atenolol, 10 mg pindolol, and 80 mg propranolol to 15 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study and monitored heart rate, plasma K, Mg, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and the extent to which the drugs occupied rabbit lung β-receptors and rat reticulocyte β-receptors in the circulating plasma during a bicycle exercise test (duration of 30 min, work load of 100 W). The drug-induced increases in plasma K and Mg varied between 22% and 23%, and 4% and 6%, respectively. Pindolol reduced heart rate least and atenolol most (p< 0.05). All three agents potentiated norepinephrine response to exercise (p< 0.01). Only propranolol potentiated epinephrine response significantly (p<0.01). Because the mean β and β occupancy of atenolol 75.4 (6.4)% and 10.7 (3.6)%, mean (SD) significantly differed from those of pindolol 98.7 (0.4)% and 98.4 (0.5)% (mean [SD]) and propranolol 85.9 (5.4)% and 96.5 (1.3)% (mean [SD]), the differences in the receptor occupancy did not affect plasma K and Mg responses to exercise. The β-occupancy predicted the reduction of heart rate with an average Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.89–0.96. In conclusion, differences in the β- and β- receptor binding between drugs do not markedly affect plasma K and Mg levels during physical exercise. These responses are, however, attenuated by the agonist activity of pindolol which may unfavorably affect its antiarrhyth-mic properties.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Elderly are the most rapidly growing segment of the population. The appropriate treatment of hypertension in these individuals should involve consideration of age-related changes in hemody-namics, presence of coexistent diseases, pharmacokinetics of different medications, drug-drug interactions, and cost-effectiveness. It may be helpful to follow reasonable guidelines in managing hypertension in the elderly population.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychoactive medications, including antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antimanic drugs, are commonly used in cardiovascular and internal medicine practice. Many of these drugs have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, and some agents interact unfavorably with medications being used to treat cardiac disease. Newer psychoactive agents used to treat psychosis and/or depression appear to have a more favorable profile of cardiovascular adverse effects, but they need to be evaluated in patients with known cardiac disorders.

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1075-2765    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID