摘要:

SUMMARYWe have investigated the TSH responsiveness of normal and abnormal human thyroid cells cultured in the short term with high serum concentrations and for up to 6 months in a low serum, chemically‐defined, medium. Cells from normal human thyroid tissue (n= 9), multinodular goitre (n= 6), benign follicular adenomata (n= 6), and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n= 3) formed confluent monolayers which were sensitive to bovine TSH (bTSH) in concentrations greater than 25 μU/ml when assessed by the intracellular response of cyclic AMP at 7 d of culture. Such sensitivity was less than that observed with a continuously proliferating thyroid cell line (FRTL‐5) derived from Fisher rat thyroid and which responded to concentrations of bTSH as low as 5–10 μU/ml. Human cells derived from iodine/antithyroid drug treated Graves' thyroid tissue (n= 6) were less sensitive than normal cells requiring up to 500 μU/ml bTSH to increase intracellular cyclic AMP and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells (n= 3) failed to respond to bTSH. Long‐term human thyroid cultures of normal and follicular adenoma cells in the chemically‐defined medium used for the FRTL‐5 cells had absent fibroblast growth and continued in monolayer form without significant follicle formation. These cells remained highly sensitive to bTSH stimulation when tested after 4, 13, and 26 weeks of continuous culture. All such cell preparations failed to proliferate under conditions which favoured the rapid growth of the rat thyroid cells. These data demonstrated that while thyroid cell culture conditions described in the literature do not permit proliferation of human thyroid cells, they do allow an assessment of their functional state in vitro which may lead to a further understanding of thyroid cell p

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo siblings, a 9‐week‐old female and an 18‐year‐old male pseudohermaphrodite are described with deficient cholesterol side‐chain cleavage activity. The female died untreated in 1954; the second sibling, a phenotypically female infant with 46 XY karyotype, was diagnosed at age 5 weeks. Massive adrenal hyperplasia was revealed by intravenous pyelography showing downward displacement of the kidneys. Secretion rates of cortisol, aldosterone, deoxycor‐ticosterone and corticosterone were unmeasurable. Urinary 17‐hydroxycorti‐costeroids (17‐OHCS), tetrahydrocortisol, 17‐ketosteroids (17‐KS), pregnanetriol, pregnanediol, and Δ5‐3β‐ol steroids were not detected during prolonged administration of ACTH. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of gonadotrophins were increased. Gonadal mitochondria did not convert radioloabelled cholesterol to pregnenolone. The gluccocorticoid and mineralo‐corticoid deficiencies have been controlled well by steroid replacement therapy. Plasma ACTH concentrations and plasma renin activity remained strikingly elevated even when supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids and mineralocor‐ticoids were given. Oestrogen replacement alone induced a pubertal growth spurt. The differential diagnosis, the effects of long‐term steroid replacement therapy, and comparison with previousl

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYHuman liver contains components in both cytosol and nucleosol which bind the synthetic testosterone derivative, mibolerone, with a high affinity, moderate capacity and a high specificity for androgens. Gel filtration chromatography shows two binding components, a high molecular weight component (mol wt. 250 000) present in cytosol alone and a low molecular weight component (mol wt. 75 000) present in cytosol and nucleosol. Human liver contains the classical androgen receptor.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAs the interactions of iodothyronines on adrenergic and vipergic receptors are not clear, the effect of exogenous T3 and T4 on catecholamine‐ and VIP‐induced cAMP accumulation in human normal thyroid cells after eight days of primary culture has been investigated. To evaluate the effect of endogenous iodothyronines, the response of the adenylate cyclase system to isoprenaline, adrenaline, VIP, and TSH was studied during a 10 d period. T3 and T4 were unable to modify the catecholamine‐ and VIP‐induced cAMP accumulation in human normal thyroid cells after 6–8 days of culture, while the response to TSH was significantly inhibited. In cells cultured from thyrotoxic tissue, the response of the adenylate cyclase system to catecholamines and VIP, during a 10 d primary culture, showed a behaviour similar to controls. TSH responsiveness was negligible up to the fourth day of culture, while in normal cells a response to all the agonists was present from the beginning. In view of the lack of effect of iodothyronines on catecholamine‐ and VIP‐induced cAMP accumulation, and of the superimposable behaviour of the response to catecholamines and VIP in normal and hyperthyroid cells during the first days of culture, we can conclude that iodothyronines do not directly modify the response of the adenylate cyclase system to adrenergic and vipergic stimulation in human thyroid follicular cells. The lack of responsiveness to TSH of cells obtained from hyperthyroid tissue during the first 4 d of culture, associated with normal responsiveness to catecholamines and VIP, points to a possible involvement of biogenic amines and neuropeptides in sustaining such hypert

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe compared intestinal calcium absorption, measured by a single isotope technique, and serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in ten patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) and ten age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Our results showed no significant differences in intestinal calcium absorption or in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. There was a significant correlation between serum concentrations of PTH, measured with one of our assays, and 1,25(OH)2D. We conclude that neither increased intestinal calcium absorption nor altered vitamin D metabolism plays a part in the hypercalcaemia of

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDietary intake, including actual nutrient and energy intake, was assessed in 21 successive thyrotoxic patients before and after adequate carbimazole therapy. Group A (10 subjects) received regular formal dietary advice whereas Group B (11 subjects) did not. An age and sex matched control group, comprising 23 normal individuals, was also studied. The mean energy intake of all the thyrotoxic subjects was significantly greater than that of the normal control group (P<0·0025). There was a greater overall reduction in the energy intake of Group A as compared with Group B (P<0·01) and the former gained less weight, when expressed as a percentage of pretreatment weight. The mean final weight of all the thyrotoxic subjects exceeded the mean ideal weight for the group, reflecting a degree of true obesity at this stage. The simple measure of incorporating dietary advice into the treatment programme of thyrotoxic patients will usually result in some reduction of energy intake, and thus weight gain, en route to euthyroidis

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe growth hormone (GH) response of seven obese subjects to a 4 h continuous infusion of human pancreatic GH‐releasing factor, 0·3 μg/kg/h, has been compared with that obtained in seven sex and age matched controls. The pattern of response was normal in the obese but peak GH levels (mean ± SEM: 13·8 ± 1·9 compared to 30·9 ± 4·7 mU/l,P<0·01) and integrated GH levels (mean ± SEM: 27·1 ± 3·6 compared to 62·0 ± 9·7 mU/l/h,P<0·01) were reduced in obese subjects. There was a negative correlation between the integrated GH response and the percentage ideal body weight (r=−0·80,P<0·05), but no significant correlation with somatomedin‐C levels (r=+ 0·72;P= 0·07). Obese subjects have an impaired GH response to infusion of GH‐releasing factor which is not related to nega

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe behavioural effects of varying the replacement dose of the oral androgen testosterone undecanoate (TU, Restandol) were investigated in eight hypogonadal men. Each man was withdrawn from his previous androgen replacement regimen and after a period of no treatment was administered four doses of TU (40, 80, 120 and 160 mg/d) in four successive one‐month treatment periods using a double‐blind design. Throughout the study each man recorded his sexual interest, behaviour and mood state using a daily diary form. In addition, four hypogonadal subjects had sleep erections and sleep quality assessed in the laboratory during a state of androgen withdrawal and again after a minimum of 5 months of androgen treatment. A dose response relationship was demonstrated for frequency of sexual thoughts, arousal accompanying sexual thoughts and well‐being. Sleep erections improved significantly during testosterone administration. In men, sexual interest and sleep erections are androgen‐de

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe adrenergic nervous system plays an important role in the control of insulin release and animal work suggests that this is mediated by way of α2adrenoceptors. A specific α2adrenoceptor antagonist (idazoxan) is now available for use in man and we have studied its effects on insulin release in normal volunteers (a) during the infusion of adrenaline (0·05 μg/kg/min) and (b) after an intravenous dose of glucose (20 g). The infusion of adrenaline alone had no significant effect on insulin release while in the presence of idazoxan, insulin release was markedly stimulated by adrenaline. Despite this, adrenaline‐induced hyperglycaemia was unaffected by pretreatment with idazoxan. In the second study, pretreatment with either idazoxan or a specific α1antagonist (prazosin) had no significant effect on either glucose tolerance, glucose‐induced insulin release or glucose‐induced suppression of glucagon. Intravenous glucose also had no significant effect on pancreatic polypeptide levels. Therefore the effect of adrenaline on insulin release is mediated by way of inhibitory α2adrenoceptors in the pancreas, while the release of insulin in response to glucose in a resting subject is independent of the α‐adr

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe have studied four girls with central precocious puberty treated with cyproterone acetate for a mean of 3·6 years (range 1·5–6·3 years). Pelvic ultrasound assessment demonstrated suppression of the ovarian morphology of central precocious puberty despite the presence of spontaneous pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion at night. We suggest that the previously reported effects on gonadotrophin secretion induced by cyproterone acetate therapy, administered in recommended doses, are minor and that the predominant effect of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of girls with central precocious puberty is direct inhibition of ovarian steroidogen

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY