摘要:

SUMMARYA new model has been established for the perfusedin siturat lung. During perfusion with glucose at 4 mmol/1, physiological concentrations of insulin (50 mu/1) caused an initial 1.5 fold increase in lactate production; the increase being sustained at 30% for the 4 h of perfusion. The observation that the lung responds to physiological concentrations of insulin could have important implications with respect to whole body carbohydrate metabolism.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn four patients suffering from pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome plasma ACTH and cortisol were lowered after a single dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine, but ACTH and cortisol responses to hypoglycaemia remained absent after bromocriptine administration. In contrast, in three of these patients a growth hormone response which had previously been absent appeared to return 3 h after bromocriptine. While untreated, basal prolactin levels were at the upper limit of normal and a subnormal response was seen after hypoglycaemia. With bromocriptine therapy, basal prolactin levels were depressed and no reaction to hypoglycaemia was seen. In three patients 400 μg TRH did not elicit an increase of TSH and growth hormone while a normal increase of prolactin was induced. In one patient a dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine caused an attack of nausea and hypotension possibly complicated by relative adrenocortical insufficiency. Four patients were studied during treatment with a daily dose of 5–20 mg bromocriptine for 1–20 weeks. In one patient, pituitary‐adrenocortical function escaped three times from the effect of bromocriptine treatment. One patient showed an increase of urinary 17‐OHCS during treatment lasting 7 days. Two other patients responded well to bromocriptine therapy, In one patient the treatment had to be stopped after 7 days because of complaints of extreme muscle weakness, while urinary 17‐OHCS had become low‐normal; in another patient Cortisol Secretion Rate was normalized throughout bromocriptine treatment lasting 20 weeks.Our results suggest that a hypothalamic dopaminergic depletion plays a role in the abnormal ACTH and growth hormone secretion in pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome. The place of bromocriptine in the management of Cushing's disease remai

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFour normal men received 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg doses of oral metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist, or placebo to determine the effect of this drug on anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Increases in serum prolactin (PRL) occurred even after the 1 mg tablet (P<0.01) while maximal responses were observed 60 min after ingestion of the 20 mg tablet (mean 27.8 ng/ml; range 25.6–30.3 ng/ml). Serum PRL levels peaked 60–90 min after ingestion of any dose of metoclopramide and values remained significantly elevated (P<0.05) for up to 8 h after the tablet.Increases in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) also occurred after the 10 and 20 mg doses of metoclopramide. Peak responses were seen at 120–180 min, with significant elevation (P<0.05) persisting from 60 to 240 min after ingestion. No consistent changes in serum FSH, LH or GH were observed and no side‐effects were reported.It was concluded that metoclopramide elevated serum PRL and TSH. The threshold dose of metoclopramide required for these effects was different for the two hormones; their peak responses occurred at different times and the duration of the elevation was dissimilar, suggesting a mechanism other than the release of hypothalamic thyrotrophin‐releasing horm

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe metabolic and hormonal responses to glucagon (1 mg, subcutaneous) were studied in twelve diabetic and twelve non‐diabetic subjects. Diabetics showed a GH response, which although commencing slightly earlier, did not otherwise differ from that of the controls. There was the expected diminished insulin response to glucagon among the patients on oral agents. The GH response to glucagon in the diabetics began before there was any significant fall in blood glucose (BG). The hyperglycaemic response in the diabetics peaked later, was greater in amplitude and was more prolonged. In this group both pyruvate and lactate changes were delayed and diminished in amplitude. The diabetics showed a biphasic response of both acetoacetate and 3‐hydroxybutyrate to glucagon; a small transient significant rise in the first 2 h followed by a second rise after 3 h. In contrast the controls showed a significant fall in these metabolites during the initial 2 h, before a rise after 3 h. The significance of these hormonal and metabolic responses is discus

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The clearance of unlabelled bovine parathyroid hormone (BPTH) was studied after injection or infusion of the hormone into ten normal subjects and six patients with chronic renal failure (two of whom had been nephrectomized).2. The build‐up and clearance of the hormone was monitored using amino‐and carboxy‐terminal region‐specific immunoradiometric assays.3. In the normal subjects amino‐terminal BPTH was cleared rapidly. The mean plasma half‐disappearance time (t1/2)was 5.5 min and the mean metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was 10.37 ml/kg/min. Carboxy‐terminal immunoreactivity was cleared less rapidly, persisting for some hours in the circulation after termination of an infusion.4. In patients with chronic renal failure the amino‐terminal region was also cleared more rapidly from the circulation than the carboxy‐terminal region.5. As a group, the chronic renal failure patients (with kidneys and anephric subjects) cleared amino‐terminal BPTH more slowly than the normal group (meant1/2= 7.95 min and mean MCR = 4.98 ml/kg/min). The value for MCR was significantly different from that of the normal group, although there was some overlap between the values for the two groups.6. In one of the anephric subjects studied the values for the clearance of aminoterminal immunoreactivity were within the normal range, as was the MCR. This indicates that some organ other than the kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of parathyroid hormone in man.7. There was no correlation betweent1/2and MCR for the normal, chronic renal failure or combined groups.8. In the uraemic subjects the metabolic clearance rate was inversely related to plasm

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe clinical course from birth and serial measurements of serum T3, T4 and TSH in an infant with untreated neonatal thyrotoxicosis are reported. The thyroid hormone levels fell exponentially with time at rates very much slower than those previously reported for the maternally‐transmitted thyroid stimulating antibody generally thought to cause the disorder. Steady physiological levels of thyroid hormones were achieved after 110 days (serum T3 = 3.4 nmol/1, T4 = 118 nmol/1). TSH first rose to a measurable level after about 90 day

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYExogenous infusion of catecholamines in man and electrical stimulation of renal nerves in anaesthetized animals have suggested the importance of adrenergic influence on renin release. We have studied the effect of endogenous adrenergic stimulation on renin release in seventeen apparently healthy, unanaesthetized normotensive men (mean arterial pressure0.05). The alpha agonist, phenylephrine, decreased PRA from an average basal level of 1.21±0.16 ng/ml to 0.83±0.13 ng/ml, and the alpha blocker, phentolamine, increased PRA from an average initial level of 1.26±0.3 ng/ml to 3.61±0.6 ng/ml. Repeat inhalation of amyl nitrite with alpha blockade further elevated PRA to 4.36±0.97 ng/ml in contrast to the effect of amyl nitrite alone. These data suggest that endogenous stimulation of sympathetic nerves with amyl nitrite inhalation or cold pressor testing is not associated with measurable increase in PRA. Alpha adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine causes a significant decrement in PRA, and alpha blockade with phentolamine significantly increases PRA. Amyl nitrite inhalation in the presence of alpha blockade further elevated PRA in direct contrast to the effect of amyl nitrite alone. Haemodynamic correlates, the elevation of PRA with alpha blockade, and the decrement of PRA with alpha stimulation suggest that alpha adrenergic receptor inhibition may account for the lack of PRA increase with endogenous sympathetic stim

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe proportion of serum prolactin heterogeneity were investigated in a patient with a pituitary adenoma producing both prolactin and growth hormone. Glucose tolerance (GTT) and insulin tolerance (ITT) tests were performed alone and in combination with chlorpromazine both before and after hypophysectomy. Serum prolactin multiple forms were separated by Sephadex G‐100 column chromatography at 3°C. None of the provocative tests altered the already elevated serum prolactin either before (300 ng/ml) or after (100 ng/ml) hypophysectomy. Chlorpromazine or ITT did not alter the proportion of prolactin heterogeneity; GTT, whether in conjunction with chlorpromazine or alone and both before and after hypophysectomy, increased the proportions of the larger molecular species. In five tests in which the GTT was not performed the prolactin heterogeneity was as follows: ‘void volume’, 4.9%; ‘big’, 13.1%; ‘little’, 82.1%; in those experiments in which the GTT was performed the proportions of prolactin heterogeneity were: ‘void volume’, 13.5%, ‘big’,

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Serum growth hormone (GH) behaviour after levodopa administration was measured in twelve healthy subjects both in basal conditions and after a 4 day course of pimozide (4 mg daily), a specific blocker of dopamine (DA) receptors. In addition, fasting plasma GH was measured on the first, second and third day of treatment. No significant difference was found between GH response to levodopa in basal conditions and after pimozide; moreover, fasting GH was uninfluenced by pimozide.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.In Central Africa, mothers on nursing for 2 years are hyperprolactinaemic during the first 15–18 post‐partum months; serum prolactin levels are some three times higher than in non‐pregnant and non‐lactatin

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY