摘要:

SummaryMany clinically euthyroid patients with severe, chronic, non‐thyroidal illnesses (i.e. sick euthyroid patients) have very low circulating concentrations of total and absolute free triiodothyronine (T3), low‐normal concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), elevated concentrations of absolute free T4, and circulating concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH) that are either normal or subnormal. This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of the low circulating T3 concentrations. The disappearance rate of125I‐T3 from the circulation of five representative sick euthyroid patients, was studied and found to be slower, but not significantly so, compared with three control subjects, thus excluding an increased destruction rate as the cause of the low T3 levels. A selective decrease of T3 secretion from the thyroid gland of these patients was also excluded by the results of TSH stimulation tests. Inhibition of extra‐thyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 was suggested by studies of the thyroid function in a hypothyroid woman with a Grade IV lymphoma on T4 replacement therapy. When the lymphoma was in remission, her circulating T3 concentration was 2–55 nmol/1 but when it relapsed it fell to 0–55 nmol/1. The T4 concentrations were 124–7 nmol/1 and 126 nmol/1 respectively. Decreased monodeiodination of T4 to T3 in sick euthyroid patients was confirmed by paper chromatography of extracted serum obtained 48 h after an i.v. injection of125I‐T4 into two severely ill patients from the intensive therapy unit and a control subject. Peaks of radioactivity corresponding to125I‐T4 and125I‐T3 were detected in the control subject, but only a single peak corresponding to125I‐T4 was detecte

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe study of integrated concentrations of hormones in the blood can be used to assess accurately the activity of endocrine diseases. A system for making such measurements is described, based on a new pump and double lumen catheter. The properties of this system are discussed and previous systems from the literature are reviewed.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03862.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA double blind cross over trial of 500μgof gonadotrophin releasing hormone or placebo subcutaneously every 8 h for 4 weeks in ten men with secondary sexual impotence is reported. No obvious clinical improvement occurred but statistical analysis of a libido score showed some overall improvement, especially the spontaneous occurrence of erections during the treatment period (P<0.05)

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐seven infertile patients with ‘simple’ amenorrhoea‐oligomenorrhoea and eighteen with the polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome were treated for induction of ovulation with clomiphene, human menopausal gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin. The treatment was monitored by plasma oestradiol, testosterone, andfostenedione and progesterone estimation. Women with PCO had significantly higher plasma androgen levels than women with ‘simple’ amenorrhoea (P<0.01 toP<0.001) both before treatment and during induction of ovulation. When ovulation was induced the pregnancy rate for women with the PCO syndrome with elevated androgens was 21% while for those with uncomplicated amenorrhoea it was 75%. It is concluded that high levels of circulating androgens might be a factor preventing conception in some patients in whom ovulation is apparently successfu

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA specific antiserum has been produced to haemocyanin conjugated synthetic growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GHRIH). This has allowed the development of a radioimmunoassay for GHRIH sensitive to 5 pg/tube. GHRIH content in 2macetic acid extracts of rat tissues have been measured and show the majority to be in CNS—especially hypothalamus and septum and preoptic areas with substantial amounts in spinal cord and thalamus. Extra neurological localization in pancreas, gastric antrum, colon and thyroid have also been demonstrate

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA specific, sensitive and simple double antibody radioimmunoassay for total serum 3,3′,5′,‐triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) in small volumes of unextracted human serum is described. High titre antisera were raised in rabbits usingdl‐rt3 orl‐rT3 conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The selected antisera cross reacted less than 0–003% with triiodothyronine (T3) and 0–14% with thyroxine (T4). A stable high activity rT3 tracer was prepared by iodination of 3,3′‐diiodo‐l‐thyronine by the chloramine‐T method, and purified by column chromatography on Sephadex LH‐20. Binding of rT3 to endogenous serum proteins was blocked by including 8‐anilino‐l‐naphthalene sulphonic acid (ANS) in the assay. Mean rT3 levels in healthy euthyroid adults are 0.27 nmol/1 (range 015–0.42); in euthyroid patients 0.29 nmol/1 (range 0.11–0.80); in thyrotoxic subjects 1.26 nmol/1 (range 0.41–4.66); in T3 thyrotoxic subjects 0.47 nmol/1 (range 0.21–1.18); in cord sera 3.67 nmol/1 (range 2.30–7.45) and in amniotic fluid taken during the second trimester 4.70 nmol/1 (range 2.22–8.00). In approximately half the hypothyroid subjects, rT3 levels were undetectable (<0.05 nmol/1) and in the remaining subjects the mean

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe levels of prolactin, FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone were measured daily during fourteen ovulatory cycles. The behaviour of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone was classical. Non‐systematic changes occurred in prolactin levels during the course of the menstrual cycle with the highest level being either during the ovulatory period or during the luteal phase. However, the mean level of prolactin was significantly higher during the ovulatory and luteal phases than during the follicular phase. A direct relationship between oestradiol and prolactin levels was noted, although there was no correlation between prolactin on the one hand and FSH, LH and progesterone on the othe

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) was given intravenously in doses of 0.5 mg and 20 mg to six patients with Parkinsonism treated withl‐dopa. Plasma thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured before and after TRF infusion. The observation that FSH and LH did not change in response to either dose of TRF confirmed specificity of the effects of TRF for certain anterior pituitary functions. The plasma TSH and prolactin levels achieved after 20 mg TRF were considerably greater and were maintained longer than those after 0.5 mgTRF. However, despite a seven fold increase in the overall TSH response, the T4 and T3 responses to 20 mg TRF were not significantly greater than those to 0.5 mg TRF. The explanation for this discrepancy between immunoreactive TSH levels and apparent biologic effect is unclea

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn attempt has been made to clarify the degree and control of production of the concentration gradient of sex‐hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) between human mother and fetus. SHBG was measured by an improved ammonium sulphate precipitation method using 5α‐dihydrotestosterone as ligand. Maternal and fetal (cord blood) plasma SHBG was measured at delivery in twenty‐three normal, four twin and one anencephalic pregnancies and in non‐pregnant subjects. Comparison was also made with two macaque species, the rhesus monkey (M. mulatto) and the bonnet monkey (M. radiata), sampled shortly after delivery.In the human, a highly consistent gradient (mean 21‐fold) was found between mother and fetus, which was independent of fetal sex and weight. Fetal but not maternal SHBG was significantly higher in the twin pregnancies. Maternal SHBG was 5‐fold higher than in forty non‐pregnant women, and fell with a half‐life of 7.1 days immediately post‐partum.In the two monkey species, SHBG with similar binding‐characteristics exists but levels were 2.5‐fold higher in the non‐pregnant adult females than in women. In pregnancy, maternal SHBG levels were unchanged in the bonnet (nine observations) and fell markedly in the rhesus monkey (twenty‐three observations); levels in the infants were comparably low in all three species, though more variable in the monkeys. In seven bonnet monkey mother‐infant pairs sampled again 2 or 8 weeks later, SHBG had risen markedly (mean 6.1‐fold) in the infants as has been shown previously in the human. The species differences in the non‐pregnant females and the mothers may in part be related to species differences in oestrogen production. The macaque monkey appears suitable for studying further the mechanism of the neonatal SHBG rise, in which oestrogens cannot be implicated bu

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo specific binding sites for LHRH are present on plasma membranes prepared from rat and bovine anterior pituitary glands. One site is of high affinity (K = 2 ±1081/mol) and the second is of lower affinity (8.5 ±1051/mol) and much greater capacity. Studies on membrane fractions prepared from other tissues showed the presence of a single specific site for LHRH. The kinetics and specificity of this site were similar to those of the lower affinity pituitary receptor. These results indicate that only pituitary membranes possess the higher affinity binding site and suggest that the low affinity site is not of physiological importance in the regulation of gonadotrophin secretion. After dissociation from membranes of non‐pituitary tissues125I‐LHRH rebound to pituitary membrane preparations. Thus receptor bindingper sedoes not result in degradation of LHRH and the function of these peripheral receptors remains ob

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY