摘要:

SUMMARYPatterns of incorporation of14C proline have been compared by whole body autoradiography to study the action of growth factors, infused for 1 week to hypophysectomized rats by subcutaneously implanted minipumps. Human growth hormone (hGH) caused dose‐related increases in the width of the tibial epiphyseal cartilage and obvious weight gain, whereas only at 640 μg/week did Somatomedin B have a barely significant effect on these two parameters. Samples of tissues showing significant proline uptake by autoradiography were burned for direct measurement of14C content. Both hGH (80–160 μg/week) and SMB (160–640 μg/week) significantly enhanced proline uptake in skin, tibia, liver and kidney. Whereas the Somatomedin was less active than hGH on skin it showed a greater effect on bone, significantly exceeding the apparently maximal response to hGH. The autoradiographic technique can be used not only to compare different growth factors but also to study the growth process by use of appropriate

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A subject with a benign glucagonoma was studied before and after complete resection of his pancreatic tumour. Studies were undertaken pre‐and post‐operatively to determine the effects of chronic hyperglucagonaemia on glucose tolerance and glucose kinetics both in the fasting state and during physiological insulin infusions, employing the [3H]‐3‐glucose technique. In addition the plasma cyclic AMP response to an acute infusion of glucagon was studied pre‐and post‐operatively.The basal immunoreactive glucagon levels pre‐and post‐operatively were 10492 ± 1296 and 149 ± 15 pg/ml respectively. Pre‐and post‐operative oral glucose tolerance tests did not differ but were abnormal. Pre‐operatively basal hepatic glucose production was normal and it was suppressed rapidly by the low dose insulin infusion, despite continuing hyperglucagonaemia. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose was slightly reduced. There was no plasma cyclic AMP response to a glucagon infusion, suggesting down‐regulation of the glucagon receptor by the chronic hyperglucagonaemia. Post‐operatively the hepatic glucose production and clearance rate of glucose fell, whereas the plasma cyclic AMP responses to the glucagon infusion reverted to a normal pattern.It is concluded that chronic hyperglucagonaemia is not a major factor in the development of the glucose intolerance, but it may lead to down‐regulation of the

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe ability of normal T lymphocytes to abolish the production of migration inhibition factor by antigen‐sensitized T lymphocytes of Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in response to thyroid antigen has been studied by a modified migration inhibition factor test using isolated T lymphocytes alone. The production of migration inhibition factor was consistently abolished when normal T lymphocytes were mixed with GD or HT T lymphocytes in various ratios (1:9, 2:8, 5:5) as reported previously (Okitaet al., 1980b). However, prior in‐vitro irradiation (1000 rad) of the normal T lymphocytes resulted in loss of their ability to abolish migration inhibition factor production by the antigen‐sensitized T lymphocytes of GD and HT. The effect is consistent with the radiosensitivity of suppressor T lymphocytes and indicates that the effect of normal T lymphocytes on GD and HT T lymphocytes is one of allosuppression. The results support the view that there is a defect in suppressor T cell function in GD a

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYVasopressin function and thirst were studied in fourteen hypercalcaemic patients (ten hyperparathyroid and four disseminated malignant disease). Ten patients had decreased renal concentrating ability which reversed within a few days in the majority of patients whose hypercalcaemia was corrected by parathyroidectomy. Although eight patients complained of thirst, none showed a lowered threshold of thirst appreciation during hypertonic saline infusion. Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion was not reduced in any patient, but the hyperparathyroid group had an exaggerated vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that a partial, reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs in at least 70% of hypercalcaemic patients irrespective of cause, which accounts for the polyuria induced by hypercalcaemia.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYUsing gel exclusion chromatography on Bio‐Gel P‐60, γ‐melanotropin‐like immunoreactivity (γ‐MSH‐LI) in three human pituitary glands, two ACTH‐producing pituitary adenomas, and three ectopic ACTH‐producing tumours (two medullary thyroid carcinomas and one thymoma) was divided into one or two molecular weight classes. The largest component eluted near the position of mouse 16K fragment and was designated big γ‐MSH‐LI. This big γ‐MSH‐LI was present in all samples. The second one, designated intermediate γ‐MSH‐LI, eluted between the position of mouse 16K fragment and human ACTH, and was demonstrated only in two ectopic ACTH‐producing tumours. No γ‐MSH‐LI emerged at the elution position of synthetic γ3‐MSH.Affinity chromatography on concanavalin A‐agarose revealed that a significant fraction (52–68%) of γ‐MSH‐LI from human pituitary glands, ACTH‐producing pituitary adenomas, and one ectopic ACTH‐producing tumour bound to the column and was eluted with α‐methyl‐D‐mannopyranoside. In two ectopic ACTH‐producing tumours which contained big and intermediate γ‐MSH‐LI, a relatively small fraction (27–35%) of γ‐MSH‐LI bound to the column and was similarly eluted. These observations suggest that human γ‐MSH‐LI is glycosylated and that there is an ab

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFurther analysis of sera from euthyroid subjects with dominantly‐inherited, elevated serum total thyroxine (T4) and free T4 index but with normal free T4 levels was performed as an extension of a previous study (Hennemannet al., 1979a). Scatchard analysis and isoelectric focusing of whole sera and purified serum fractions suggest that this T4 excess is due to increased T4 binding by modified serum albumin.Recognition of this syndrome and appreciation that the free T4 index does not reflect the free T4 levels is important to protect patients from the consequences of an incorrect diagnosis of thyrotoxicosi

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPrevious reports have suggested that secondary hyperparathyroidism is extremely uncommon in hepatic osteomalacia. This, together with other findings, has led to suggestions that in chronic liver disease there may be selective resistance of bone to vitamin D or a specific bone mineralization defect unrelated to Vitamin D.To examine these possibilities, twenty‐five patients with chronic liver disease have been studied by bone biopsy, serum calcium and inorganic phosphate, plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, plasma immunoreactive parathormone (iPTH), fasting urine cAMP, fasting renal tubular maximal reabsorptive capacity for phosphate (TmP/GFR) and fine grain hand x‐rays. Nine of the patients had osteomalacia on bone biopsy, eight of these had subnormal levels of plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and the other had a borderline result. Based on the concensus of all the tests, five of these had evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Plasma iPTH was higher in patients with osteomalacia than in patients without osteomalacia (P<0·01) or controls (P<0·01). Urine cAMP was higher in patients with osteomalacia than in patients without osteomalacia (P<0·001) or controls (P<0·01). TmP/GFR was significantly lower in patients with osteomalacia than in controls (P<0·05) but not significantly different from patients without osteomalacia.The findings of this study indicate that hyperparathyroidism occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with the osteomalacia of chronic liver disease. Moreover, osteomalacia in chronic liver disease is clearly related to reduced levels of plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. We conclude that hepatic osteomalacia is a vitamin D deficiency state and there is no need to suggest an unu

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe catechol oestrogen 2‐hydroxyoestrone has been reported to lower serum prolactin concentrations acutely in normal women and it has been proposed that it may be effective in suppressing prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinaemic patients. Five women with hyperprolactinaemia and anovulation were studied. Following a control infusion, 2‐hydroxyoestrone was given at a rate of 80 μg/h for 4 h. In no patient was there a fall in prolactin levels and no changes were observed in gonadotrophin concentrations. We conclude that a short‐term infusion of 2‐hydroxyoestrone, at a dose which will produce high blood levels of the steroid, does not affect prolactin or gonadotrophin secretion in hyperprolac‐tinae

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSerum glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured in three patients with insulin‐producing tumours of the pancreas while performing an exercise test. In contrast to the normal adrenergic inhibition of insulin release in response to exercise, plasma insulin concentration remained at a constant and high level during exercise in patients with insulinomas. Their plasma glucose concentrations fell during exercise and in the post‐exercise period. No significant changes occurred in plasma glucagon concentration. An exercise test may be a useful new diagnostic tool in organic hyperinsulin

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe thyroid status of twenty‐seven African patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) was studied. Fifteen patients were found to be biochemically hyperthyroid (eight patients with choriocarcinoma; seven with hydatidiform mole). Of these fifteen patients, nine were clinically thyrotoxic. The most serious complication of thyrotoxicosis was life‐threatening acute pulmonary oedema with associated cardiac failure. It was found that when serum levels of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) reached a level of about 0·1 ± 106iu/l, thirteen of sixteen patients were biochemically hyper‐thyroid; at serum levels of 0·3 ± 106iu/l of hCG most patients were clinically thyrotoxic. A feature of hyperthyroidism associated with GTN is that whereas T4 is invariably raised the T3:T4 ratio tends to be low (0·015 ± 005); rT3:T3 ratios were high in this group. TSH levels were no

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY