摘要:

SUMMARYWe investigated the distribution of HLA and immunoglobulin G heavy chain markers (Gm) in 117 patients with Graves' disease, 62 with ophthalmopathy and 55 without. With Graves' diseaseper se, there is a closer association with HLA‐DR3 than with B8. The opposite was true for Graves' patients with ophthalmopathy (odds ratio for ophthalmopathy associated with B8 was 12.4 and with DR3 was 7.7, both withP<00005). HLA‐DR7 interacts with B8 in modifying the risk for eye disease; using the phenotype B8‐ DR7‐ as reference, the odds ratios were 16.7 for B8+ DR7 +, 8.7 for B8 + DR7‐ and 0.26 for B8‐ DR7 +. Thus, DR7 enhanced the risk for ophthalmopathy in the presence of B8+ but had a protective influence in its absence. Although Gm showed no association with eye disease, it modified the risk for ophthalmopathy associated with HLA‐B8; the odds ratios were 20.9 for B8+ Gmfb homozygo‐zity (fb +), 15.3 for B8+ fb‐ and 1.7 for B8‐ fb+ (B8‐ fb‐ =1.00). We conclude that the genetic factors contributing to Graves ‘ophthalmopathy are different from those related to liability fo

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYUsing a two‐colour direct immunofluorescence staining technique, we investigated activated HLA‐DR‐expressing T helper and T cytotoxic/suppressor cells in peripheral blood of six patients with subacute thyroiditis at referral and at follow‐up and in blood from 20 controls. In three of the patients, thyroid fine‐needle aspirates were examined as well. At referral, all patients had elevated blood levels of activated T helper and T cytotoxic/suppressor cells 2 (2–4)%, median and range, vs 0 (0–2)%,P<0.001 and 12.5 (2–24)%, vs 0 (0–1)%P<0001). At follow‐up, the activated proportion of T helper cells had become normal whereas some activated T cytotoxic/suppressor cells remained, 7 (0–8)%. No significant changes in total T cell number were detected when data at referral and at follow‐up were compared. In thyroid aspirates, HLA‐DR expressing thyrocytes were observed; the total proportion of T cytotoxic/suppressor cells was elevated (70% compared with 35% in blood) and 70% of the T cytotoxic/suppressor cells were HLA‐DR+. Furthermore, 55% of the thyroid‐infiltrating lymphoid cells were positive for interferon (IFN‐γ+). The finding of activated T cytotoxic/suppressor cells in the blood and thyroid tissue in subacute thyroiditis is consistent with a viral aetiology. Furthermore, intrathyroidal IFN‐γ+lymphocytes are likely to contribute to expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens on thyrocytes. No autoantibodies, however, were detected, which suggests that aberrant expression of MHC class II molecules alone is not sufficien

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn order to investigate the relationship between testicular FSH receptors and the effectiveness of hMG‐hCG treatment in idiopathic male infertility, 36 infertile men were examined. None of the 13 patients without detectable testicular high affinity FSH receptors showed any increase in motile sperm count after the hMG‐hCG treatment, whereas 11 of the 23 patients with FSH receptors responded to the treatment. In patients with FSH receptors, patients with a middle or high Johnsen's score count responded more than those with a low score count did. From the above results, it seems that both the presence or absence of testicular FSH receptors and the histological appearance of spermatogenesis predict responsiveness to hMG‐hCG treatment in infertil

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBecause TRH counteracts the inhibitory effect of opiate peptides on LH secretion in cultured cells from normal pituitaries, six normal postmenopausal women were studied to determine whether TRH interactsin vivowith opioid peptides in the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion. At two different times a constant 3 h infusion of either saline or TRH (5 μg/min) was initiated. At 60 min a 250 μg bolus of the opiate agonist peptide D‐AIa2‐MePhe4‐metenkephalin‐0‐ol (DAMME) was injected in one of the two saline and TRH infusion tests. The four treatments, i.e. saline infusion alone, saline infusion with a DAMME bolus, TRH infusion alone; and TRH infusion with DAMME bolus were given at random with an interval of at least 7 d. Blood samples were taken every 15 min during the 3 h study. DAMME induced a significant fall (P<0.05) in serum LH (from 35±8.5 to 18.3±5.1 mlU/ml) (mean±SEM) without significantly affecting FSH levels (from 29 ± 11.2 to 26.9 ± 12.4 mlU/ml). These changes were not antagonized by the continuous infusion of TRH. PRL had a monophasic response pattern to continuous isolated TRH infusion; the basal levels increased from 4.2 ± 1.2 to 24.5 ± 6.8 ng/ml at 30 min and then slowly decreased with a plateau from 90 min until the end of the study. DAMME administration at 60 min induced a significant second peak of PRL secretion (44±6.5 ng/ml) 30 min later (P<005). Basal serum TSH levels increased progressively during the first 135 min of TRH infusion (from 2.4 ± 0.5 to 18.5 ± 5.2 μU/ml), and then remained stable until the end of treatment. DAMME induced an even more striking TSH response 30 min after its administration at 60 min (P<0.05), which was later maintained. In the absence of TRH infusion, DAMME administration did not modify either PRL or TSH basal levels. GH values did not significantly change during saline or TRH infusion alone, nor after DAMME i.v. administration at 60 min in either test. These findings are against an antagonistic effect of TRH and opioid peptides on the regulation of pituitary hormones in postmenopausal women. DAMME potentiating activity on PRL and TSH stimulatory action of continuous TRH infusion is shown. Also confirmed is the inhibitory effect of DAMME on LH secretion in postmenopausal women. Some of these effects may at least partially be mediated by the opiate inhibition

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYContinuous infusion of GHRH, as well as a bolus injection of GHRH, specifically stimulates the release of GH by the anterior pituitary. However, repetitive bolus injections of GHRH result in diminished responses of GH, while a constant infusion of GHRH cannot maintain high serum GH levels. To investigate whether different GH‐releasing stimuli are able further to challenge the somatotroph being exposed to continuous infusion of GHRH, we determined the GH response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia and bicycle exercise. Six normal volunteers received a bolus of 50 μg GHRH or vehicle followed by a continuous infusions of GHRH 1–29 amide (lμg/kg/h) or vehicle for 2.5 h. GHRH bolus and infusion resulted in elevated GH levels, but GH levels fell to values not significantly different from baseline levels after 150 min, GH plasma levels rose again, however, in response to insulin hypoglycaemia and bicycle exercise after both GHRH or vehicle infusion. Thus, the somatotroph's responsiveness to GHRH remains intact to respond to stress stimuli after continuous GHRH i

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA 23‐year‐oid female who developed thyrotoxic Graves' disease following primary hypothyroidism was reported. She presented with symptoms of hypothyroidism and slight exophthalmos. After primary hypothyroidism was confirmed, she was treated with T4 in a dose of 50 μg/d. Two months after delivery, 1 year after the initial diagnosis of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism developed while she was taking T4. Graves' disease was confirmed by persistent thyrotoxicosis, high99mTc thyroidal uptake, negative T3 suppressibility and detection of TSH‐receptor antibodies. During the hypothyroid phase, TSH‐binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) could not be detected, while thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) were positive showing between 5.8 and 90 fold increases in the amount of cAMP produced in cultured porcine thyroid cells. Her IgG did not inhibit TSH‐induced cAMP increasein vitro. When she developed hyperthyroidism, TSAb activity became more potent (31.7 fold increase in cAMP) and TBII became positiv

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe describe a 40‐year‐old male with acromegaly, multiple and recurrent cutaneous myxomas, spotty cutaneous pigmentation, a mammary myxoma, a large‐cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour of the testis, and an unusual calcifying pigmented neuroectodermal tumour. He presented a combination of clinical and histological features not previously documented within the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation and endocrine overactivity, and therefore the findings broaden the spectrum of the syn

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwelve healthy males performed 5 h exercise on a bicycle ergometer at a constant work load of approximately 50% of their maximum capacity. The serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased after the first hour and were continuously elevated throughout the exercise period. The rise in PTH was 5–7% above pre‐exercise levels, corresponding to 20–30% of the maximal increase obtained by the same assay during prolonged hypocalcaemia. The probable cause for the rise in PTH was that the plasma ionized calcium tended to be lowered during exercise. Since the total serum calcium concentrations were raised (by 3–5%) during exercise the reduction of the free, ionized, fraction was presumably largely due to increased complex‐binding although an outward transport from plasma was not excluded. The serum concentrations of magnesium were gradually reduced during exercise while those of phosphate and potassium were raised throughout, probably as a result of leakage from the worki

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTransdermal oestradiol, 100 μg/d, was used to treat 11 women suffering from postmenopausal symptoms. After 3 weeks therapy there was a significant rise in the plasma oestradiol into the premenopausal range and a significant fall in plasma FSH level and symptom score. Bone resorption, assessed by urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline, decreased significantly while plasma alkaline phosphatase activity remained constant. There was a significant fall in plasma calcium and phosphate but the plasma concentrations of PTH, calcitonin and calcitriol and the urinary excretion of cAMP were unchanged. Plasma levels of vitamin D binding protein, albumin and globulin were unaltered, and blood pressure did not rise. These effects were similar to those found in postmenopausal women with oral ethinyloestradiol, 30 μg/d, (Selbyet al., 1985), apart from those on plasma vitamin D binding protein, total calcitriol, albumin, globulin, tubular reabsorption of phosphate and blood pressure, changes which probably arise from a direct action of oral oestrogen on the live

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA total of 10 550 ‘normal’ adults (8450 men and 2100 women) in the general population were screened by a paired assay method for serum PRL and 40 subjects with hyperprolactinaemia (>75 μg/1) were detected. Of these, five patients (three men and two women) with pituitary prolactinoma, one man with empty sella syndrome, 10 cases of ‘big’ prolactinaemia, seven pregnant women and 13 subjects with drug‐induced hyperprolactinaemia were found. The patients with prolactinoma had few if any complaints (asymptomatic pro

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY