摘要:

SUMMARYThe inactivation of immunoreactive TRHin vitroby human plasma has been investigated. In a preliminary study, 2.5 ng TRH was destroyed by 50 μl plasma at a mean rate of 1.7%/min in eight subjects. The per cent inactivation of the same amount of TRH at three plasma dose levels was measured after 60 min in seventy unselected patients attending a thyroid clinic. There was no significant difference in the results obtained in those subsequently shown to be euthyroid (forty‐three patients), hyperthyroid (eighteen patients) or hypothyroid (nine subject

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA radioimmunoassay technique for the simultaneous measurement of eight unconjugated steroids (progesterone, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotesterone, oestrone and oestradiol) in the peripheral plasma of human males is described. Determinations of these steroids and of immunoreactive FSH and LH were carried out on the plasma of twentyone normal individuals and the levels were compared to those of eleven and ten males exhibiting oligospermia and azoospermia, respectively.Mean values and tolerance limits for each hormone, based on a lognormal distribution of individual values, are presented for all groups.Oligospermia was associated with a significant reduction in plasma dihydrotestosterone and testosterone levels. Azoospermic subjects also exhibited decreased dihydrotestosterone levels but a normal range of testosterone concentrations. Mean peripheral plasma levels of FSH were significantly elevated in both pathological groups and this was paralleled in the azoospermic men by increased concentrations of plasma LH.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA radioimmunoassay method developed previously for the measurement of unconjugated pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol in peripheral plasma was applied to the assay of these steroids in seminal plasma of normal, oligospermic and azoospermic males. It was not possible to use the plasma assay method for the determination of progesterone and oestrone in seminal plasma, because some of the reliability criteria were not fulfilled.A detailed analysis of these steroids in the peripheral plasma of the same subjects has been described previously. The levels of all steroids in seminal plasma were significantly lower than the corresponding blood levels. The ratios of blood plasma/seminal plasma levels of the various steroids varied from 37 (testosterone) to 1.7 (dihydrotestosterone). There was a positive correlation between the testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels of the seminal plasma of normal and azoospermic subjects. The concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, pregnenolone and oestradiol were significantly lower in azoospermic subjects than in normals. The only pathological finding in the seminal plasma of oligospermic subjects was a diminished level of dihydrotestosterone.Enzymic hydrolysis of a seminal plasma pool resulted in a 3‐ to 8‐fold increase in the concentration of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol, indicating that human seminal plasma contains large amounts of steroid conjugates.It is suggested that the analysis of steroids in the seminal plasma in combination with determinations in peripheral plasma may be a valuable aid to the assessment of testicular funct

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol as measured by a double isotope derivative method in fluid from Graafian follicles at different phases of the menstrual cycle were compared to the corresponding concentrations in ovarian and peripheral venous plasma collected simultaneously. In follicular fluid the concentration of oestradiol was much greater than that of oestrone. The concentrations of oestrogens were similar in fluid collected from small follicles at all phases of the cycle. The concentration of oestradiol in large follicles (>1 cm diameter) was much higher in the mid‐late follicular phase of the cycle (mean = 5390 ± 1330 nmol/1) than in large or small follicles at other phases of the cycle. In the mid‐late follicular phase of the cycle large follicles were invariably associated with high concentrations of oestradiol in venous plasma draining the corresponding ovary (mean 49 ± 12 nmol/1). The mean ratio of oestradiol/oestrone in fluid from large follicles in which the concentration of oestradiol was greater than 1400 nmol/1 (18.0 ± 1.0,n= 10) was significantly higher than the ratio in corresponding samples of ovarian venous plasma (10.7 ± 1.4,n= 11). These findings suggest that when the concentration of oestradiol in a Graafian follicle exceeds 3500 nmol/l it is likely to be functionally

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe oestrogen feedback and gonadotrophin release in ten amenorrhoeic women were investigated, using intramuscular injection of 1 mg oestradiol benzoate. Serial estimations of serum oestradiol and gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) were made over a period of 72 h following the injection. Five patients demonstrated positive feedback release of LH to the oestrogen stimulus with elevated levels of LH significantly above baseline (P<0.001), which occurred between 48 and 72 h after the injection. Two of the five patients also demonstrated elevated FSH levels accompanying these LH peaks. The hypothalamic‐pituitary axis was postulated to be intact in these five patients, and all ovulated on clomiphene.None of the remaining five subjects showed any increase in serum gonadotrophin levels in response to oestradiol and none ovulated on clomiphene when given a dose of up to 200 mg daily × 5 days.This ‘oestrogen provocation test’ seems to be a useful means of evaluating the functional capacity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis for gonadotrophin release and has proved useful in predicting responsiveness to clomiphene in amenorrhoe

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYApomorphine hydrochloride (0.75 mg s.c.) has been compared withl‐dopa (500 mg p.o.) in their effects on growth hormone secretion in a double blind cross‐over study involving nine healthy men. Apomorphine increased serum GH levels above 10 ng/ml in all nine subjects 30–60 min after injection. In contrast, only six of these subjects showed a similar elevation withl‐dopa and in only three had the level increased above 6 ng/ml by 60 min. One subject failed to respond tol‐dopa and in two others the peak was less than 6 ng/ml. GH levels were significantly higher at 30, 45 and 60 min following apomorphine than followingl‐dopa. Apomorphine‐induced GH release was not related to changes in serum cortisol or blood sugar. Benztropine mesylate (1 mg i.m.) had no effect on apomorphine‐induced GH release. These results suggest: (a) apomorphine may have advantages overl‐dopa as a provocative agent to assess GH secretory capacity; (b) a dopaminergic mechanism subserves GH secretion; (c) cholinergic mechanisms do not antagonize dopaminergic

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe response to synthetic luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone was studied in eighteen patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The release of follicle‐stimulating hormone was similar to that found in normal women. The mean response of luteinizing hormone was similar to that found in the luteal phase, but significantly greater (P<0.02) than that found in the early follicular phase of the normal menstrual cycle. Basal serum levels of FSH and LH, estimated in twenty‐five patients, were similar to those found in normal subjects. The sex hormone binding globulin capacity was reduced in twenty‐four of them. Basal serum testosterone levels were elevated in twelve of twenty‐two patients and the mean level was significantly greater (P<0.01) than the mean level of normal women. Basal serum androstenedione levels were elevated in nine of twenty‐two patients and the mean level was also significantly greater (P<0.02) than normal. There was a highly significant negative correlation (r=−0.86;P<0.001) between basal testosterone and LH levels. These data suggest that the pituitary gland of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome contains adequate amounts of LH but that the ovulatory surge of LH which occurs in normal women is inhibited by testosterone acting on either the pituitary or, more probably, on the

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwenty‐two normal, regularly menstruating female subjects had an LHRH test performed before and after pretreatment with 0.5 mg, 1 mg or 2.5 mg of oestradiol benzoate during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles (days 4–8). Two further women acted as controls and received no oestrogen; they showed identical responses for both LH and FSH release when LHRH tests were performed at intervals of 48 h. Oestrogen pretreatment induced a biphasic effect upon subsequent LHRH response. Four subjects retested 20 h after 0.5 mg oestradiol benzoate showed either no change or a slight suppression of LH and FSH release. Fifteen of the eighteen women pretreated with oestradiol benzoate and retested 44 h later showed significantly increased LH release and fourteen significantly increased FSH release when compared to their control responses. The responses appeared to be dose related with a positive correlation between sum of LH increments and basal oestradiol levels (r= 0.61;P<0.001) and a similar correlation (r= 0.67;P<0.001) between sum of FSH increments and basal oestradiol levels. The physiological significance of this biphasic action of oestrogen upon pituitary sensitivity is discussed in relation to the control of the menstrual cy

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFourteen girls and one boy with isosexual precocious puberty were submitted to LHRH stimulation tests, during and without therapy with cyproterone acetate. In addition, fourteen girls with isosexual precocious puberty not receiving any therapy were tested and served as controls.It was found that cyproterone acetate induces suppression of the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to secrete LH on LHRH stimulation. Daily oral therapy was found to be more effective than the regimen of intramuscular depot injections.These findings demonstrate that cyproterone acetate has an antigonadotrophic effect.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwenty‐five women with hirsutism were studied before and during treatment aimed empirically at suppressing testosterone production by adrenals, ovaries or both. Mean basal plasma testosterone was 70 ± 30 ng/dl, significantly (P<0.01) higher than the mean of twenty‐three normal women; basal metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of testosterone was also higher (P<0.01) than that reported for normal women. Production rate (PR) of testosterone exceeded 417 μg/24 h (1 SD above the mean reported for normal women), in nineteen of the twenty‐five patients. After 4 months, small dose betamethasone therapy (0.5 mg at bed time) had reduced the mean PR of testosterone in thirteen patients from 509 μg/24 h to 356 μg/24 h (P= 0.05); anovulatory steroids reduced mean PR of testosterone in nine from 612 μg/24 h to 345 μg/24 h (P0.025), and the combination of both therapies in ten reduced PR of testosterone from 528 μg/24 h to 148 μg/24 h (P<0.001). The latter regimen had moderate success in reducing hair growth (in six out of ten). Fourteen of the twenty‐five claimed benefit in hirsutism and all thirteen with acne were improved. In individual cases, clinical benefit did not correlate well with reduction in PR of testosterone. Freedom from undesirable side effects allows these well‐accepted forms of treatment to be given e

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb01539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY