摘要:

SummaryIn twenty patients with active acromegaly, twenty‐five measurements of radiocalcium absorption and fourteen measurements of gut excretion were made. Calcium absorption in this group was greater than normal, and was positively correlated with both the serum calcium level and the urine calcium output. Endogenous faecal calcium was usually normal. It is suggested that increased calcium absorption from the gut is a major factor in determining any elevation in serum and urine calcium levels in acromegal

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSerum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have been measured in subjects from an endemic goitrous area of New Guinea. An increase in TSH concentration and a decrease in T4 concentration was found in both goitrous and non‐goitrous subjects, both abnormalities being more frequent in the goitrous group. In the majority of subjects (93%) the T3 level fell within the normal range. Euthyroidism appears to be preserved in the iodine deficient state by the continued production of normal amounts of T3, the intrinsic metabolic activity of T4 being relatively unimportan

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe degree of 11β‐hydroxylase inhibition produced during a 24 hr metyrapone test was assessed in sixteen normal subjects and seven patients with Cushing's syndrome using a urinary GLC method which distinguishes between 11‐deoxy‐corticosteroids and 11‐oxygenated corticosteroids. A doubling over basal values and a rise of total urinary corticosteroids of more than 10 mg in 24 hr was seen in all the fifteen normal subjects who achieved over 70% enzyme inhibition in at least one 24 hr period after the administration of metyrapone.All patients with Cushing's syndrome showed over 70% enzyme inhibition. On the basis of the test it was possible to distinguish between pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome and that caused by an adrenal adenoma. A single patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome showed a normal metyrapone response.The urinary GLC method provides a simple means of assessing the adequacy of enzyme inhibition produced by me

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe plasma TSH response to 100 μg of TRH i.v. was studied in six normal women and in seven men before and after the administration of 10.0 mg of oestradiol valerate for 5 consecutive days. Before oestrogen treatment the females appeared more responsive than males. After treatment the response remained unchanged in females while appearing enhanced in males. Oestrogen treatment did not modify either the basal plasma TSH concentration or the serum thyroxine, the labelled tri‐iodothyronine uptake and the calculated free thyroxine index. It is concluded that oestrogens play a role in modulating the secretion of TSH from the human pituita

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYFasting plasma glucagon has been measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in twenty‐three untreated maturity onset diabetic patients and twenty‐three matched normal controls. Significant fasting hyperglucagonaemia was demonstrated in the diabetic subjects in spite of their raised blood glucose and insulin concentrations.Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on ten diabetic subjects and ten normal controls and variations in blood glucose, insulin and glucagon concentration studied. Glucagon concentration was shown to increase significantly after oral glucose in the diabetic subjects and to fall in the normal controls. The differences between the changes in glucagon concentration in the two groups could not be related to the differences in insulin response. It is proposed that these findings provide evidence of derangement of metabolism within the alpha cell in maturity onset diabe

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe TSH response to TRH has been investigated in a group of forty‐two children, including eight normal controls, eight patients with short stature and without growth hormone deficieny, twelve hypopituitary patients, seven patients with thyroid disorders and seven others with various diseases, including four cases of Turner's syndrome.All children with short stature and without GH deficiency demonstrate a normal response to TRH. The same conclusion arises from the data obtained in most of the cases with isolated GH deficiency. In one out of three cases of organic hypopituitarism, the maximal TSH response was delayed to 60 min after injection. Patients with Turner's syndrome have a normal response to TRH while the pituitary response was definitely enhanced in one case of pseudohypoparathyroidis

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe urinary excretion of 17‐deoxycorticosteroids by women with a normal fetus, near term, was 15.8 ± 4.2 mg/day (mean ± SD). In contrast, women pregnant with an anencephalic fetus, non‐pregnant subjects and women taking oral contraceptives containing oestrogen excreted 3.8 ± 1.3 mg/day, 3.1 ± 1.4 mg/day and 2.5 ± 0.7 mg/day, respectively. It is concluded that, in normal pregnancy, the fetal adrenal makes a substantial contribution to the production of urinary 17‐deoxycorticosteroids, or their precursors, near term. Analysis of C21corti‐costeroids in maternal urine of selected pregnancies may help in the identification of the steroids secreted

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe number of islets per square centimetre section of post‐mortem pancreas was counted and the intensity of β‐cell granulation (Gomori's aldehyde‐fuchsin stain) assessed in thirteen cases of untreated juvenile diabetes and thirteen matched controls, and in thirteen cases of treated juvenile onset diabetes and thirteen matched controls. The morphology of the islets was studied.In two cases of untreated diabetics the number of islets overlapped with those of the control series. In the remaining eleven, the number was reduced to an average of about one seventh of the controls. β‐Cell granulation was normal in five cases and markedly reduced in the remainder. Eleven of the thirteen treated diabetics showed a similarly marked reduction in number of islets and loss of β‐granulation. In one case the islets showed marked β‐cell hyperplasia with margination of granules. The remaining case showed marked loss of exocrine parenchyma, diffuse fibrosis and crowded surviving islets rich in β‐cells.Nuclear pleomorphism and hypertrophy of some islets was slightly more marked in untreated juveniles, dying within a few weeks of onset of the disease, than in matched controls. There were no examples of lymphocytic infiltration of islets. Pancreatic fibrosis was seen much more commonly and was more marked in the diabetics than in the controls. The average weight of pancreas was reduced to 32 g in the treated diabetics, the expected weight being 68 g.It is suggested that the findings support the hypothesis that juvenile diabetes results from failure of islet cell regeneration in response to injury rather than exhaustion atrophy of overstimulated normal β‐cells, and that this is associated with retardation of growth of

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe thyroidal iodide clearance rate, the plasma inorganic iodine (PII), the absolute iodine uptake (AIU) by the thyroid, the serum PBI, the intrathyroidal exchangeable iodine pool, the renal iodide clearance rate and the urinary iodine excretion were measured in twenty‐one cases of autonomous hot thyroid nodule with suppression of the normal parenchyma (toxic adenoma, TA), in eight cases of autonomous hot nodule without such suppression (subtoxic adenoma, STA), and in eighteen controls; the131I uptake and PB131I were measured in 390 cases of TA and 111 of STA compared with eighty‐one controls.The most striking finding was a greatly reduced pool of intrathyroidal exchangeable iodine in the TA group. This explained the high PB131I values (out of proportion to the degree of hyperthyroidism) and the short biological half‐life of radioiodine within the gland. There was no evidence of iodine deficiency, either from the PII or the urinary iodine measurements. Otherwise the patients with TA showed evidence of mild hyperfunction: increased131I uptake, AIU and PBI, but with a considerable overlap with the normal range. The patients with STA had, in general, laboratory values intermediate between the TA group and the controls. The intrathyroidal exchangeable iodine pool was not significantly reduced, probably because in STA the normal parenchyma surrounding the nodule was still actively taking part in the exchange, whereas in the TA the normal parenchyma constituted a practically dormant iodine

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSerum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in 329 normal children and 185 individuals with endocrinological abnormalities or variations of development. A significant increase of gonadotrophins is noted at the onset of puberty among the boys and at menarche for girls. The values are compared with serum concentrations of LH and FSH in children with abnormalities of sexual development, pituitary malfunction as well as other clinical abnormalities. Comparable levels for age and stage of development were found for premature thelarche, premature adrenarche, cryptorchidism, male pseudohermaphroditism and pubertal gynaecomastia. Hypogonadal individuals (Klinefelter's and Turner's syndrome, pure ovarian dysgenesis and testicular dysgenesis) have markedly elevated values while those with pituitary hypofunction had low values. Patients with sexual prococity tended to have elevated concentrations.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1973.tb00427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY