摘要:

SUMMARYThe effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in fourteen sexually immature males; nine with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and five who proved to be normal early pubertal boys. Initially, clinical features and basal levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in serum collected in the morning and the gonadotrophin responses to LHRH stimulation were similar in all subjects. Following CPZ the early pubertal boys increased PRL levels by at least 15 ng/ml, responses similar to those of normal men, whereas no subject with complete hypogonadotropism increased PRL by more than 5 ng/ml. Two subjects with incomplete hypogonadotropism (‘fertile eunuchs’) exhibited responses similar to normals.Treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) or testosterone enhanced the PRL response to CPZ in three of six hypogonadotrophic subjects. Ten additional hypogonadotrophic men studied while receiving long term treatment with hCG or testosterone also manifested normal responses to CPZ. These data indicate that lack of sex steroid exposure, rather than a more generalized hypothalamic disorder, explains the attenuated PRL response to CPZ found in untreated men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Moreover, CPZ‐stimulated PRL secretion may prove to be of practical value in distinguishing hypogonadotrophics from boys with delayed pu

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe response of serum calcium, PTH, CT and gastrin to an infusion of secretin (3 CU/kg/h) over a period of 90 min was studied in ten healthy males and two female patients with hypoparathyroidism.In the healthy males serum calcium, after a transient fall, significantly increased at 45 min after the onset of the infusion (P<0·001). Serum iPTH rose significantly within 5 min whereas serum CT and gastrin concentrations did not change. The two hypoparathyroid patients did not show any variations in either serum iPTH or calcium.These findings suggest that infusion of pharmacological doses of secretin into normal subjects modifies serum calcium, and that this change is due to PTH release

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1,24,25‐trihydroxyvitamin D3has been detected in human serum using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Tritiated 1,24,25‐trihydroxyvitamin D3was synthesized biologically and used as tracer to monitor the recovery of endogenous metabolite during isolation from serum. Circulating 1,24,25(OH)3D3in normal subjects ranged from 9·3 to 18·5 pmol/l but was not detectable (>2·3 pmol/l) in serum from nephrectomized subjects. The trihydroxy metabolite was elevated in three out of four vitamin D deficient subjects who were being treated with vita

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYOut of 1036 sera tested for the presence of antibodies to adrenal cortex using the indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) method, fifteen out of 323 patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis, 6/105 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 3/29 myxoedema, 2/49 asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis, 1/12 subacute thyroiditis, and 4/130 with myasthenia gravis were positive. Thirty antibody‐positive non‐addisonian patients were tested for subclinical adrenocortical failure and followed up over a period of 1–3–5 years. Three women with Graves' disease had biochemical signs of early Addison's disease at the first Synacthen test. Two young women with controlled Graves' thyrotoxicosis developed a diminished adrenocortical reserve within 2 and 3 years, respectively; one of them developed anovulatory cycles which did not respond to clomiphene treatment. Both patients had high titres of complement‐fixing adrenal antibodies before the adrenal failure could be recognized by functional tests. One elderly female patient in whom a euthyroid goitre with adrenal and thyroid antibodies was detected in 1977, developed Graves' thyrotoxicosis in 1980. These observations indicate that antibodies to adrenal cortex have a high clinical significance and may allow the early diagnosis of Addison's disease even in the absence of specific clinical

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIntravenous nicotine was administered to a group of six subjects during the concurrent intravenous infusion of either the opiate antagonist naloxone, or of saline. Nicotine stimulated vasopressin secretion in all subjects. Naloxone infusion increased both the plasma vasopressin response to nicotine and the resulting rise in urine osmolality.

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDuring treatment of girls with oestrogen deficiency we observed different patterns of breast development in response to therapy.The forty‐five girls studied fell into four groups: Group A, gonadal dysgenesis; Group B, isolated gonadotrophin deficiency; Group C, multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies; Group D, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (17‐alpha‐hydroxylase deficiency).Treatment with oestrogen was given in an identical manner to all. In the patients with gonadal dysgenesis, in whom the hypothalamic‐pituitary function was normal, treatment led to full breast development. In isolated gonadotrophin deficiency and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency breast development was incomplete even after 3 years or more of oestrogen treatment. The conspicuous difference in the hormonal status is that the latter two groups lack gonadotrophins, while in gonadal dysgenesis these hormones are grossly elevated. Our conclusion is that gonadotrophins play an important role in mammary gland development, a finding not previously described.In the girl with 17‐alpha‐hydroxylase deficiency we observed that cortisol was necessary, in addition to sex hormones, for normal breast

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAdministration of the anti‐inflammatory drug fenclofenac (600 mg bd) for 28 days to four females with thyrotoxicosis resulted in a rapid decline in thyroid hormone levels. The mean total thyroxine (T4) level of 173 ± 8·6 (SEM) nmol/l before therapy was normalized to 70 ± 6·4 nmol/l after administration of the drug for 7 days. Free T4 levels also decreased significantly but not to within the reference range in all subjects. Mean total triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 levels declined from 6·2 ± 0·9 nmol/l and 0·63 ± 0·2 nmol/l respectively before therapy to 3·8 ± 0·5 nmol/l and 0·52 ± 0·1 nmol/l after 7 days' treatment but remained consistently elevated in all subjects.Clinical thyroid status remained unchanged despite these marked reductions in circulating thyroid hormone levels, suggesting that fenclofenac was of no th

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn twelve boys and two girls, with idiopathic (partial) growth hormone deficiency diagnosed at prepubertal age, we studied the effect of spontaneous puberty (six patients) as well as the effect of sex‐steroid priming (eight patients). Six boys received testosterone undecanoate and two girls ethinyloestradiol for 5 days.Two pubertal patients showed a normal GH response, the patients primed with testosterone or oestrogen did not, despite a distinct effect on sex‐steroid related plasma compounds.Reevaluation of GH status appears to be worthwhile in GH deficient patients presenting with short stature, growth deceleration at an early pubertal age and delayed sexual maturation. Sex‐steroid priming is unlikely to alter the outcome of GH testing, whenever marked growth deceleration is evident at prepuberta

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSerum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined in forty‐seven women with prolactinoma and in eighty‐four age‐ and weight‐matched control women. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were determined in twelve patients before and after transsphenoidal removal of the prolactinoma.The mean levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in patients than in controls. The 90% cut‐off line of controls for serum cholesterol was exceeded by 36% and that for serum triglyceride by 23% of the patients. The triglyceride levels were raised only in patients with GH‐deficiency whereas patients with normal GH secretion had normal triglyceride. Plasma LPL activity was significantly reduced whereas plasma HL activity was in the upper range of normal.After the removal of prolactinoma the serum prolactin levels decreased in all patients and seven started to menstruate. The oral glucose tolerance was improved and the plasma insulin response decreased. Serum lipid levels and the lipase activities, however, did not change.Conclusion: prolactinoma is associated with metabolic abnormalities characterized by hyperlipidaemia, low plasma LPL activity and insulin

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSlices of each of the six antral follicles at different stages of atresia isolated from ovaries of six patients with or without pretreatment with HCG before laparotomy, were incubated with [1–14C] acetate. Incorporation into progestins, androgens and oestrogens was assessed by the reverse dilution technique with recrystallization to constant specific activity.The greatest incorporation into androstenedione without any incorporation into progesterone was commonly observed throughout the morphologically denned three stages of atresia. In the first stage atretic follicles, characterized by coexistence of normally developed thecal cells with degenerating granulosa cells, a minute incorporation into oestradiol was identified. In the second stage atretic follicles, showing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thecal cells without granulosa cells, an increased incorporation into androgens was shown. Treatment with HCG induced similar but much pronounced changes in function and morphology. In the third stage atretic follicles, with subsiding thecal cells, a diminished incorporation into androstenedione was observed with 17‐hydroxyprogesterone being the only other steroid formed in this stage. The observed qualitative and quantitative changes of steroidogenesisin vitromay be functional reflections of structural changes during the atretic proc

ISSN:0300-0664    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY