摘要:

A context-specific conceptualization of alienation is used to describe age-group differences. Traditionally, alienation has been treated in terms of specific modes (e.g., powerlessness, meaninglessness, normless-ness, social isolation, self-estrangement). This research adds to each of these modes social structural contexts (e.g., polity, economy, education, religion, family) to produce a matrix of context-specific alienation. Age-group differentials on specific components of alienation are examined in a three-generation sample. The postulate that alienation is related to position in the social structure leads to the hypothesis that there is a curvilinear relation between alienation and age, the youth most alienated, the middle-aged least, and the elderly in between. The hypothesis is generally supported.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.266

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Comparable composite measures of powerlessness felt toward the work organization and toward society were related to a modified version of Blauner's occupational typology using data from four companies. These analyses indicate that (1) degree of powerlessness workers felt in their work organization and in their society was not related to their type of work, and (2) there were no significant differences in the degree of powerlessness which workers felt in their work organization and in their society.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.274

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

There is little treatment in the literature of social standardization, the process through which a social unit decreases and narrows its range of social diversity. This paper examines the standardization of an organizational career. The backgrounds and career experiences of 884 elites in a metropolitan police department (1870–1947) appear to move from relatively differentiated to relatively standardized. These data are used to test a hypothesis taken from the literature:The greater the potential disruption of an organization because of elite turnover, the more bureaucratized elite careers will become, and thus the more standardized elite backgrounds and career sequences will be. Results from 6 different measures of background and career sequence show that standardization, contrary to the hypothesis, occurred in response to bureaucratization, but not to rapid turnover.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.282

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Medical authorities have commented that the “compassion” of the physician-investigator for human subjects, together with his professional expertise and other individual qualifications, is more important than, and preferable to social controls, for the protection of subjects' rights and welfare. Data largely from interviews with337research physicians provide a basis for refinement and operationalization of the concept, “compassion,” and permit estimation of the frequency, first, of general concern for human subjects among physician-investigators and, then, of their specific concern for the actual subjects of their own investigations. Some research-related social conditions which tend to engender or activate this concern are specified. Findings of earlier studies, which can lead to an unwarranted conclusion that virtually all research physicians are deeply concerned and involved with their subjects, are thus qualified. The data indicate that physician-investigator “compassion” for subjects is far from universal. In conclusion, the need for social controls, such as peer review, is reaffirmed.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.289

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Some consequences of net regional mobility for the male labor force aged 30–37 in 1964 are reported. The relationship of academic achievement (measured by the Armed Forces Qualification Test) and the probability of regional or intraregional migration, by race and region of origin, is measured. The form of this relationship varies by race and region of origin. The likely effect of military service on post-service geographic mobility also varies by race, region of origin and ability group. Comparisons of mean achievement and years of schooling for migrants and nonmigrants test the “selection” hypothesis. The effect of geographic mobility on earnings is estimated from earnings differences by mobility status, after controlling for age, sex, race, region of employment, education and academic achievement.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.297

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper argues that the number of individuals per unit space is less appropriate for humans than building type as a correlate of patterns that have been considered socially “pathological.”Stepwise regression is used to analyze the data, with the census tract as the unit of analysis. The data show that when the effects of income and national origin have been removed, neither internal nor external density explains a significant amount of the variation in social allowance or delinquency, but building type remains a significant predictor of these variables. A path model is developed, showing that social allowance (welfare) rates, like the proportion of multiple dwellings, is an important predictor of juvenile delinquency rates.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.306

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The prevalent explanation for the persistence of poverty in Appalachia stresses the region's traditional culture which ill equips its population for participation in the modern world. This research casts doubt on the cultural explanation. A scale of “middle-class orientation” was produced from the secondary analysis of data gathered from several thousand respondents in North Carolina. Attitudinal differences between respondents from the Appalachian subregion of that state and from other regions including the urban, industrial piedmont were quite small and attributable to rurality. Analysis controlling for age suggests that attitudinal factors cannot be used to account for economic development as it occurred in the Appalachian region. An alternative approach for further research is discussed.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.315

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An analysis of five different cohorts spanning a thirty-year period reveals little support for any particular model of church attendance as related to chronological aging. Although cohorts share trends in church attendance by sex and specific dates or time periods, each cohort seems to manifest its own distinct pattern as related to age itself. These findings suggest that even though church attendance varies by age, other factors such as specific cohort membership and general societal pressures may be more meaningful explanatory factors.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.324

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

One major problem with the status integration theory is that the temporal quality of the postulated inverse relation between status integration and suicide rates has not been specified. If the measure of status integration is for some point in, say, 1970, then the suicide rate could be for 1970, 1970–71, 1970–72, etc. Experimentation to identify the optimum period for the rate is difficult because suicide statistics are compiled by the calendar year, and it could be that the optimum is not the same for all populations. But there would be no particular problem if for all populations the annual number of suicides is constant over a long period, because the rate would be approximately the same regardless of the years considered. That line of reasoning is extended to a proposition:the greater the fluctuation in the annual number of suicides for each population over a period, the less inverse the relation between the suicide rate for that period and the measure of status integration at any point in that period. Tests based on data for white males and white females in the United States are consistent with the proposition.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.332

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.340

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP