摘要:

This article develops a rational-choice model of the effects of social change on religious organizations, which we use to analyze the Mormon Church's response to change in women's roles. Content analysis and time-series techniques are used to estimate the Church's response to social change and the effect that this response has had upon member commitment and rates of conversion from 1950 to 1986. We find that despite initial resistance in the late 1960s and 1970s the Church has been moving to accommodate change in women's roles. Accommodation appears to increase participation among younger and less experienced members but decrease participation among older and more experienced members, suggesting that a successful church must strike a balance between accommodation and resistance to social change.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1231

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Analysis of annual Current Population Survey data from 1947 to 1985 reveals that increased female labor force participation equalizes the income distribution of male-headed income-receiving units and husband-wife families. For male-headed units, increased female labor force participation reduces the income share of the top quintile, suggesting that assimilating females decrease the earnings of men in high-wage occupations. For husband-wife families prior to 1970, equalizing impacts stem from relatively high participation rates of women married to low-earning men. After 1970, however, increased participation came mainly from women with above-average earnings growth who were married to high-earning men. Hence, continued increased female labor force participation may increase inequality for dual-earning husband-wife families.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1251

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Principles of social exchange and Heider's balance theory are combined to arrive at a predictor variable called an “exchange ratio.” Two actors and an exchange item are treated as a three-point structure consisting of three dyads. Two dyads connect each person to the exchange item. The third dyad represents the degree of balance between the two actors as derivable from an examination of their inputs and outcomes vis-à-vis the exchange item. The model is expanded to treat relationships consisting of several exchange items as complex structures made up of overlapping three-point structures. The resulting “exchange ratio” is a value representing the composite balance or imbalance in the exchanges of a relationship.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1267

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Twenty variables, representing competing theories, were compared in their ability to explain church membership rates (CMRs) in 288 metropolitan areas for 1980, using multiple regression. Strong support emerged for social bond theory, which predicts low rates of church membership in communities with high social instability, such as that caused by geographic migration. Secularization theories, however, did not fare well. Their prediction that CMRs would be low in big cities was contradicted, and CMRs correlated positively with percent urban, rather than negatively. Although education correlates negatively with CMRs, this may be the effect of economic prosperity rather than the secularizing effect of education itself. Life cycle theories of church membership received only weak support.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1287

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The sociology of science has clearly established the presence of sex differences in scientific productivity and position. This article examines the processes leading to the lower productivity of female scientists at the completion of their doctoral training. Collaboration with the mentor is found to be the most important factor affecting productivity. For females, opportunities for collaboration are significantly decreased by having young children. As a consequence, the presence of young children has an adverse, indirect effect on the productivity of female scientists during graduate study. This effect does not exist for males. In addition to differences in the process of collaboration, many small differences that disadvantage women and advantage men are found in the levels of resources affecting productivity and in the mechanisms by which resources are translated into productivity. The concentration of small disadvantages provides a further explanation of sex differences in productivity at the start of the career. Since early advantages and disadvantages have been found to accumulate, this article provides an essential first step in understanding sex differences in scientific productivity and position that emerge during the career.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1297

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1317

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1319

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1321

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1322

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/68.4.1324

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1990

数据来源: OUP