摘要:

The relative importance of marital and fertility characteristics upon female employment rates is tested in an attempt to explain the significant differential in women's nonagricultural participation rates between Latin American and Middle Eastern countries. Despite the striking differences in characteristics between the two populations with respect to variables centrally related to woman's employability, there is not enough evidence of the influence of these differences upon female employment rates. When the female population in Chile is subjected through standardization analysis to the same marital and fertility characteristics of Egypt, they continued to manifest high overall participation rates. Estimation of the womanpower potential in three Middle Eastern countriesgiven their present marital characteristicsshows that if women in these societies had the same propensity to be employed as women in Latin America, the overall nonagricultural female activity rate would increase threefold in Morocco, fivefold in Egypt and sevenfold in Pakistan. It is suggested that the explanation for the regional differential has to be sought in a comparative study of family and kinship organization between Latin American and Middle Eastern societies with special reference to the role of the kinship unit in the system of social control.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.135

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

One of the contradictions in South Africa's “plural” society is that Africans constitute the bulk of the labor force in the urban industrial economy and yet are defined, by government policy, as temporary sojourners in the cities who should identify only with their rural “homelands.” This study shows that substantial numbers of Africans in one major city react to official policies by maintaining contact with rural reserves. This response, however, is an unwilling one resulting from frustration and is unlikely to minimize ultimate conflict.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.154

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study utilizes data on 157 monocentered SMSAs to examine the theory that increases in the size of peripheral areas of ecological units will be matched with a development of organizational functions in their centers to insure integration and coordination of activities and relationships throughout the enlarged units. Seven detailed components of organizational development in metropolitan central cities and two summary measures of the total organizational components of the central cities are computed from 1960 census data. Correlation and regression analysis are used to determine the influence that increases in both the absolute and relative size of the suburban rings have on the organizational structure of central cities. Findings demonstrate that a balance exists between peripheral growth of metropolitan areas and organizational functions performed in the central cities, and provide strong support for the theory of ecological expansion.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.165

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The impact of population size, physical density, social density, and age of600communities upon the extent of their industrial diversification was analyzed. Hypotheses concerning each independent variable were generated from the theory of the development of the division of labor proposed by Durkheim and subsequently adopted by human ecologists. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses.The standardized partial regression coefficients indicated that only social density exerts a significant impact upon industrial diversification. In addition, it was discovered that the combined influence of the independent variables fails to account for the bulk of the variation in industrial diversification. Factors which may be responsible for these results, as well as directions for future research, are presented and discussed.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.176

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The Atlanta standard metropolitan statistical area, in 1960, was an increasingly urbanized area characterized by population growth, expansion, and economic dominance of the central business district. It is in precisely such a context that ecological theory proposes a greater amount of residential segregation in the inner zones of the metropolitan area than in the outer zones. This proposition was empirically tested over five socioeconomic indicators. Census tracts were classified into eight concentric zones emanating from the metropolitan center with the intraclass correlation coefficient employed as a measure of segregation. Observed results strongly support the hypothesis. A density gradient was also demonstrated. The further proposition that density represents an intervening link between the ecological variables of distance and segregation was examined in this context.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.182

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The relationship of several resources of the city—size, industrial diversification, percentage nonwhite, and income level—to family income inequality is examined using data from a stratified random sample of cities from the 1960 census. Through using the technique of path analysis, the contribution of each of these4city characteristics both singly and in combination is investigated. To find the best “empirical fit” of the data,3paths are dropped in the development of a second final model. The data show that while city size is related to industrial diversification and percent nonwhite, size does not help explain variation in income inequality. However, in combinaton, industrial diversification, percent nonwhite, and income level account for41percent of the variance.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.192

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article develops a procedure for the path analysis of ordinal variables using only ordinal statistics and presents an ordinal path analysis of data previously analyzed by Sewell and Armer (1966a). Substantively, it shows that when ordinal statistics and path analysis are used, neighborhood context has very important direct and indirect effects on college plans. This is true when neighborhood socioeconomic status is trichotomous or dichotomous. Methodologically, it demonstrates that path analysis techniques can be successfully applied to ordinal data using ordinal statistics rather than assuming equal-interval scales and applying interval statistics, or using dummy variables. Possibly, the small effect of neighborhood context reported by Sewell and Armer is a consequence of their ignoring a curvilinear relationship between neighborhood context and college plans, their assuming interval data, and their use of a linear multiple correlation model when in fact their data did not conform to the underlying assumptions.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.199

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Much attention has been given in recent years to a consideration of civil religion in America. Robert Bellah, in a widely accepted statement, has attempted to define this civil religion. Until now, there has been no attempt to empirically investigate his thesis. This the present article attempts. The investigation involved a content analysis of the editorials of a nationwide sample of newspapers published during the July 4, 1970 (Honor America Day) weekend. It was felt this event would act as a stimulus eliciting spontaneously an expression of the elements of American civil religion. The major findings of this study are: first, few mentions of elements vital to the Bellah thesis occurred; second, on a percentage basis more mentions occurred in metropolitan dailies than in smaller newspapers.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.218

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sectarianism is often viewed as reaction to anomie due to economic deprivation or migration. It is argued here that rather than resulting from anomie per se, sectarianism reflects a particular world view, which is formed by individuals from the lower classes and rural areas and having lower levels of reading. All data are from Southern Appalachian Presbyterians.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.226

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.2.234

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP