摘要:

Rational values and their bureaucratic embodiment as defined by Weber are declining in the United States. The rational production economy freed resources to support new groups with nonrational qualitative values. These groups adopted activism as a technique and appeared to threaten the bureaucractic system. Then activism was institutionalized, with elites representing activist movements incorporated into the system. These elites' qualitative values and outputs were unmeasurable, so that bureaucratic decision-making became a nonrational political process of appeal to outside publics for bargaining power. The institutionalization of activism has stabilized social integration, but new and ephemeral values arise in rapid succession, weakening what is left of the sense of moral direction formerly provided by rational values. Nonrational mass movements may emerge to fill the vacuum.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study reports results of a survey of attitudes toward government and public bureaucracy in Israel. The analysis focuses on the ability of citizens to deal competently with Israeli bureaucracy, as reflected both in their attitudes, and in their self-reported behavior. Hypotheses are tested with respect to (a) the sociocultural correlates of attitudinal competence; (b) the effects of actual experience with Israeli public officials; and (c) the consequences of attitudinal competence and of quality of contacts for patterns of coping behavior. The results showed that persons of low education and from countries of the Middle East or North Africa, where bureaucratic norms are poorly institutionalized, are generally less competent than those of high education or from the West. The quality of actual experience with Israeli bureaucracy also proved to be crucial in shaping both attitudes and behavior, especially for the groups less socialized to bureaucracy.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.7

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The concept of status inconsistency has been continuously refined and elaborated for several years. The development of the concept of individual status inconsistency is surveyed and criticisms voiced against its utility. Special consideration is paid to application of status inconsistency in explaining politcal processes. An alternative explanation is offered from the perspective of historical social marginality and persistence of ethnic group traditions. Suggestions are made for recasting status inconsistency into a collective rather than individual phenomenon.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.23

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In modern Western societies women have higher rates of mental illness than men. In this article it is suggested that this difference can be attributed to the role of married women. More specifically, it is shown that married women have noticeably higher rates of mental illness than married men. In contrast, it is shown that when single women are compared with single men, divorced women with divorced men, and widowed women with widowed men, these women do not have rates of mental illness that are higher than their male counterparts. In fact, if there is a difference within these marital categories, it is that women have lower rates of mental illness.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.34

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In the last decade considerable research has been done on various aspects of the contracting American family. The trend from the larger kin group to the nuclear family has been widely discussed. A logical development in the examination of this trend is the exploration of the last stage of the family cycle: widowhood. Since residence and composition of households are two of the keys to an examination of the social structure of the family, this study is based on data from the one-in-a-thousand sample of the 1960 United States Census (Bureau of the Census, 1964). This sample yielded data on9,875widowed persons with a variety of living arrangements during their widowhood. Variables examined were age, race, sex, educational achievement, income, labor force status, ethnicity, place of residence, fertility and marriage, all of which have a bearing on the living arrangements of the widowed.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.45

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper examines the validity of the conception of the sick role which underlies much research into illness behavior. The method by which this role conception is tested is the Multitrait-Multimethod matrix. The essentially negative findings of the matrix analysis support and expand recent findings of Twaddle (1969) and Gordon (1966), and they lend credence to the suggestion that the sick role as it is presently conceived is an inadequate unit of analysis for the study of illness behavior. The comments of the respondents to this study are analyzed, and they are used to support the view that behavioral expectations of the ill are specific to person-illness units. An inductive strategy of research is suggested in which commonalities of expectations among person-illness units across various subgroups in the population are explored as a means of pursuing the role theoretic implications of illness behavior.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.53

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Correlation and regression techniques are applied to aggregate data on imprisonment and crime rates. Certainty of imprisonment shows a negative and possibly curvilinear association with crime rate; contrary to recent criticisms, this relation cannot be accounted for by an artifice in the indexes of these two variables. Severity of imprisonment shows a negative correlation with crime rate after controlling for the effects of certainty. Some evidence is found of interaction between certainty and severity in effects on crime rate.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.64

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An attempt was made to relate variations in metropolitan characteristics to those in rates of commutation between central cities and rings of95SMSAs that contained250,000inhabitants or more in 1960 based on the data drawn from theU.S. Census of Population. Net commutation rate and ring-to-city commutation rate were employed as dependent variables and twelve independent variables reflecting demographic, socioeconomic, and industrial characteristics of each SMSA were used for the analysis. Multiple stepwise regression and correlation techniques were utilized in order to identify the relevant variables linked to the commutation rates. Several metropolitan characteristics have been found to explain significant portions of variation in commutation rates after controlling for the effect of the location of the line between central city and ring. Factors showing a positive association are manufacturing job concentration in the central city, percent Negro in the central city, median earnings of SMS A workers, and percent of workers in centralized industries. Those showing a negative association are population size of SMSA and percent of workers in extractive industries. Findings of this study clearly indicate that the level and direction of the commutation between the central city and ring of SMSAs are largely determined by the industrial and socioeconomic structure of SMSA and the locational pattern of manufacturing jobs between the city and ring.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.74

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The research concerned the interrelations among several indexes of residential segregation and measures of educational, occupational, and income differentiation in American urban areas as of 1960. The exploratory hypothesis was that differences in reported findings result, in large part, from methodological variations. Specifically, they are due to differences in the census unit (i.e., central city versus SMSA), and in the index areal unit (i.e., block versus tract). The analysis (1) lent strong support to this hypothesis and (2) questions the accuracy and comparability of substantive interrelations in the presence of measurement error.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.87

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Latin American nations have often been characterized as dual societies, that is, ones in which economic and value differences separate middle class from lower class and urban dweller from rural dweller. Whereas the economic differences have been well documented, value differences generally have been assumed. The findings of one empirical study of value differences in Latin America, a study conducted some years ago in Costa Rica, support the “dual society” thesis. This article reexamines that study and discovers that value homogeneity is a more accurate description of Costa Rican society. Improved, more appropriate data analysis techniques are responsible for the new finding. The implication is that if similar techniques were applied to other studies of Latin America, the dual society thesis might be invalidated.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/51.1.91

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP