摘要:

It is common knowledge that very rapid change is taking place in the southern region of the United States. The important question is, then, how can sociology make a contribution to the understanding of the maze of changes which are occurring in every sphere of life activity? Two basic assumptions, which at first may appear to be contradictory, form the general framework of the analysis: the stresses and strains toward change are taking place within the context of cultural continuity of the region; and the sectional south is disappearing—the new direction is the American way as an ideal.At a more specific level, an effort is made to understand these changes in terms of a series of social movements. Four such movements are abstracted for analysis: (1) mass movement of populations; (2) adult education movement; (3) internal struggle for political power and representation; and (4) the movement toward American ideals in intergroup relations. The analysis points up the strength of the social movement concept as an appropriate tool for systematizing—for understanding and predicting—the changes which are under way in the southern region.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

With special reference to South Africa, the theoretical implications of two salient characteristics of African societies are examined, namely pluralism and the rapid rate of change. Certain inadequacies of functionalist theory and acculturation studies are explored, and it is suggested that a functionalist approach be complemented by a Hegelian-Marxian dialectic, stripped of any single-factor determinism.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.11

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Weber's concept of charisma has not been empirically useful to sociology even though it has influenced sociological thinking considerably. The reason is that Weber dealt with charisma more as a psychological than a social phenomenon. The concept can be useful, however, in the analysis of social change if the focus of attention is concentrated on the social context within which charisma develops rather than on charisma or charismatics. Utilizing the example of modern African leadership in Tanganyika, charisma appears in situations where (a) leaders formulate inchoate sentiments deeply held by masses; (b) the expression of such sentiments is seen as hazardous; (c) success—as defined by the relevant social groups—is registered.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.18

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper is an attempt to evaluate the effects of the post-war educational rehabilitation programs for veterans (“GI Bills”) on the educational composition of the male population of the United States. Various sources of statistical data are integrated to produce estimates of the effects. The analysis leads to the conclusion that, even if the benefits of the GI education and training programs had not been available, the sharply rising trend in the formal educational level of the male population observed before the war would have continued at substantially the same general level. The GI programs are viewed primarily as responses to the growing demand for formal education in a society where social organization and value complexes were undergoing change.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.26

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This is a study of the effect of varying degrees of consensus upon compliance with an erroneous majority. Results indicate that the probability of complying with a majority is a direct positively accelerated function of group consensus. Anxiety level, educational level and occupational class of father were significantly related with compliance; whereas logical training, age, church attendance, sex and certainty of one's judgment were not significantly related.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.33

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A Thurstone-type scale of 20 items was constructed for the purpose of measuring attitudes among the all-white students of a Southern college for women on the hypothetical question of accepting a Negro student. The scale items appear, on the whole, to meet the statistical specifications in regard to consistency of response and “equal intervals” as usually defined for tests of this sort. When the scale was administered to 280 students out of a student body of 504, Southern students were found to be significantly more opposed than border and Northern students. Freshmen were more opposed than older students, but at only the .10 level of confidence.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.38

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The hypothesis that the relative size of the Negro population and Negro occupational status are inversely related was not supported by a study of the populations of the 151 SMA's that had 100,000 or more people in 1950. However, this finding was not construed as a refutation of the widely held belief that discrimination against a minority varies directly with the relative size of the minority population. Rather, it was concluded that “overflow” of Negroes into intermediate-level occupations offsets any greater discrimination in those localities where the relative number of Negroes is large.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.42

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A content analysis of 445 items from the two intra-caste journals of a minority Hindu caste, the Sadhu, revealed that (1) this group is engaged in a complex and contradictory process of social change; (2) the older sub-group shows a “negative chauvinism” by rejecting the older Sadhu identifications and adopting the new Brahminic names and symbols; (3) the newer sub-group within this caste shows a positive force towards the traditional mode of identification, but is otherwise more achievement-oriented than the older group; (4) under the influence of recent socio-political changes on the national level, this marginal caste is motivated to change its lower status. Despite the consistent status conflicts and other changes over the period of 30 years, the group, in general, still functions as a traditionally endogamous and intra-dining caste.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.50

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for reconciling several contradictory findings on the relationship between social class and ambition. It is suggested that any given success goal has both an absolute and a relative value, the first reflecting its cultural desirability, the second, its social-class accessibility. The “relative distance” of a social class from a given goal thus determines the saliency of that goal for its members, and this saliency in turn constitutes an intervening variable between individual ambition and social achievement. We can thus anticipate differences in the frequencies of certain educational or occupational aspirations in various social classes without postulating differences in extent of individual ambitiousness among their members. The concept of a “class hierarchy of success goal” will help reinterpret empirical evidence about actual levels of aspiration by social class.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.58

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sixty Negro and forty white delinquent boys, interviewed while they were residents of a state training school, provided materials for a comparative analysis of relationships between racial membership and delinquency. The Negro boys tended to derive from lower-status families more than the white, and they were also more likely to have been sent to training school for having committed more serious offenses. Among the whites racial attitudes were associated with types of offenses, with more serious offenders showing more antipathy toward Negroes. Negro boys' racial attitudes varied less by offense category, but there was a strong tendency for those who committed less serious offenses to show more self-hatred than those whose offenses were more serious. These findings are interpreted in terms of social-structural theories of delinquency, notably those of Cohen and of Cloward and Ohlin.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/43.1.70

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP