摘要:

A longitudinal test of the Shevky-Bell model of increasing scale, using data from the U. S. for the last century shows the accuracy of the social rank and urbanization axes as aspects of increasing scale, but indicators selected from this model fail to confirm the segregation axis as a trend related to scale. The Shevky-Bell model of sub-area differentiation which its authors developed for census tract units was applied to the description of other sub-area units. The social rank axis appeared for each area unit, the urbanization axis was barely discernable, and the segregation axis appeared to be a general factor rather than an independent axis of differentiation. It is suggested that the indicators for the segregation axis are measuring the fundamental process of functional specialization of sub-areas, while the other two axes describe the factors around which the specialization of areas is organized. Furthermore it appears that the axes of sub-area differentiation shift as the sub-area unit of analysis is changed.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574983

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574984

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper represents an extension to the search for methods more appropriate to exploration and testing of sociological propositions about organizations. This search has focused recently on the use of simulated organizations in laboratory experiments. Based on their experiences with a unique laboratory experiment on organization, the authors suggest that the advantages which normally accrue to experimentation cannot be generalized easily to experimentation with the miniature replica model of organizations. Following a report of the structure of their laboratory experiment, the authors attend to four critical problems associated with this form of experimentation: (1) the nature and combination of properties considered to constitute the miniature replica of an organization, (2) instituting system and measurement controls, (3) the provision of structural proof, and (4) randomization.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574985

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Psychologically, privacy is a self-related subjective experience which may include one or many persons. It is also recognized and defined, formally and informally, in the culture. Both individually and collectively, privacy is structured in relation to variations in the things which acquire privacy meanings, the persons who arouse privacy responses and the situational contexts within which behavior has privacy connotations. Empirical exploration of public and personal definitions of privacy is needed. Such research would help clarify the potential value of this concept for analysis of many problems in social psychology and sociology, a few of them being presented here.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574986

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Aspiration is used to explain the imperfect relationship between anomia and low socioeconomic status. Young persons on the verge of entering the competition for material success may be insulated from anomia by maintaining high aspirations acquired during the educational process. Among the subjects studied, anomia was more closely related to occupational aspiration than to occupational level. The adolescents tended to score high on an anomia scale when there was a wide discrepancy between aspiration and chances for success provided the family position in the social structure is one where economic stress is maximized.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574987

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The hypothesis that Americans have come to value personal achievement less in the past half century has been supported by impressionistic arguments and by indirect measures of value change such as Lowenthal's content analysis of trends over the years in heroes of magazine biography. Lowenthal's findings are juxtaposed with a forgotten body of historical survey data on children's choices of exemplars since the turn of the century. The survey data suggest that indirect indices such as magazine biographies are not adequate measures of values. In general, the value change hypothesis is not supported.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574988

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The problem of the interpersonal task, influencing others so they respond in ways congruent with one's own purposes, is a residual category both in the group dynamics focus in the common group task and in role theory with its emphasis on automatic normative reciprocity. Goode, Thibaut and Kelley, and Homans, see interaction as a bargaining process. However, themodus vivendiof the process is not made explicit in their work. Goffman begins to address this problem and this paper points to possible extensions of his framework. Given particular emphasis is the “altercasting” perspective which focuses on functions of acts in shaping the responses of others rather than exclusively on their content.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574989

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The proposition that early socialization in a rural society presupposes subsequent low levels of socio-economic status achievement in urban society is re-examined in this paper. The data show that the same factors influence subsequent socio-economic status achievement for persons reared in either a rural or an urban society. The data further suggest that the crucial variable in explaining the ability of persons to compete in a complex, industrial and commercial society is the early orientation which they develop with respect to the system in which they will compete and the ways in which they will relate to the system.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574990

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

School deviants were compared to school leaders with respect to school attitudes and three types of achievement: reading, writing, and mathematics. Findings supported the notion that those who conform best to the non-academic or behavioral expectations of the school do appreciably better academically than do those who deviate. The two groups were observed to differ with respect to school attitudes. The strength of the relationship was observed to shift when occupational status controls were introduced. “Blue-collar” deviants were found to be less hostile towards the school than their “white-collar” counterparts.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574991

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Evidence on the reflection of social structure, cultural values, and contemporary events in the content of visual art is surveyed, and a theoretical interpretation of the social functions of art content is offered. It is concluded that art content reflects not social reality itself, but diverse modes of emotional involvement with social reality. The primary social function of art content may be the enhancement of a sense of affective relatedness to impersonal cultural norms and social institutions.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.2307/2574992

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1964

数据来源: OUP