摘要:

Social network, an interesting theoretical cconcept, has suffered through difficulties in developing from it any operational devices suitable for use in ordinary social survey research. Here, one such device is presented, and its utility is examined in the contrasting urban contexts of Hull and Los Angeles. Existing theories about the correlates of network density are partially confirmed and partially contradicted by the findings. In particular there is an attempt to reevaluate the part played by kinship in the social networks of modern urban society.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.867

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper outlines a procedure for measuring those components of the self-concept called role/identities. Conceptualized from a symbolic interaction framework and using the semantic differential and discriminant analysis, this procedure overcomes many of the problems usually asociated with other procedures such as profile analysis, thedstatistic, or the TST: the procedure provides substantive anchor points, incorporates the multidimensional nature of role/identity, and provides a numerical score for quantitative analysis. The method is illustrated by measuring the gender role/identity of a sample of sixth, seventh, and eighth grade school children. The validity of the resulting measures are checked by investigating certain of the children's characteristics.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.881

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We address a variety of problems concerning aggregation “fallacies” in the use of psychophysical methods for the study of social phenomena, using a new body of experimental data. Both the selection of a method of aggregation and the actual extent of aggregation “error” raise importanttheoreticalissues which have thus far been neglected.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.898

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Past research has been inconsistent in determining the relative importance of ascriptive and achievement conditions for scientific recognition. This paper attempts to resolve some of this inconsistency through (1) a more precise conceptualization of specific forms of scientific recognition, i.e., professional standing and peer consultation status, and (2) the separate application of these concepts to selected ascribed and achieved attributes of a group of biological scientists working at a summer research laboratory. The results of this analysis suggest that while professional standing and peer consultation status are both significantly determined by achievement criteria, they nevertheless represent different social processes operating at different levels of social organization.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.921

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The relationship between institutional representation on editorial boards and institutional contributions to the major journals was examined for the disciplines of chemistry, sociology, and political science. The effect of institutional representation in editorial positions on publication outcomes was assessed controlling for measures of institutional quality and size. As expected, the estimated effect of institutional representation on editorial boards was strongest in political science with the least developed scientific paradigm, while there was no apparent editorial board effect in chemistry, the discipline with the most developed paradigm. This result is related both to the existing literature in the sociology of science field as well as to literature concerning the effect of dissensus and uncertainty on the bases for decisions.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.938

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

While Hirschi and Stark conclude that religiosity is unrelated to delinquency, their findings and a replication of their study in the Pacific Northwest (Burkett and White) may not be generalizable to other areas of the country. Using self-report data from 1,383 Atlanta tenth graders in 1970, we found a moderate negative relationship between church attendance and delinquent behavior. Our data also suggest a causal structure in which respect for the juvenile court system links church attendance with delinquency. We suspect that church attendance may be a truer reflection of adolescents' religious experience in the South than the West, so accounting for the differences between our findings and those of previous research.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.952

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The present study was designed to explore the possibility that personal treatement of a leader by outgroup members would influence the ingroup members' perception of the leader's effectiveness. Although all ingroup members perceived their situation as being unsatisfactory and held out little hope for change, leaders who were treated in a friendly fashion by outgroup members were perceived as being more effective by members of their own groups than were leaders who were treated in a hostile fashion by outgroup members.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.959

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper reports a quasi-replication of Lopreato's test of hypotheses derived from Dahren-dorf's theory of class and class conflict in imperatively coordinated associations. Using survey data from a probability sample of Hamilton County, Ohio, adults, measures are constructed of position in the authority structure, perception of the legitimacy of the authority structure, and acquiescence to authority. Our analysis supports Dahrendorf's contention that workers without authority (theobeyclass) tend to perceive the authority structure as less legitimate than do workers with authority (thecommandclass). Contrary to Dahrendorf, however, our study indicates that the command class is less likely than the obey class to acquiesce to authority; and that there is a cleavage in both legitimacy perception and acquiescence within the command class. The middle command class acquiesces least to authority and perceives the authority structure as least legitimate. These patterns are maintained even after statistically controlling for race, sex, age, and education.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.966

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sociological and economic models of income determination are reviewed: the former lack comprehensiveness and precision and the latter fail to consider social structural variables. A structural theory is proposed which considers the economic stratification of industrial sectors, occupational stratification, and the sexual stratification of society. The data show through the estimation of multiple regression models, that the human capital economic theory is less powerful than a structural-stratification theory in explaining variance in earnings for a national sample of manual workers. Lowest incomes are found in economically weak sectors with unorganized occupational groups disproportionately composed of women workers.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.974

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The melting pot view of ethnic assimilation suggests a direct relationship between ethnic assimilation and social class. The cultural pluralist orientation largely rejects such a hypothesis. Analysis of national (N= 1469) and New York (N= 1683) survey data shows that indicators of ethnic assimilation (interethnic marriage and friendship) and of social class are generally unrelated. However, associations in the hypothesized direction among the more recently arrived ethnic groups suggest social class (particularly education) is an important correlate of ethnic assimilation at earlier stages in the assimilation process.

ISSN:0037-7732    

DOI:10.1093/sf/55.4.997

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: OUP