ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.298

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe many overlapping reasons why British science is in a crisis, and perhaps in decline, include the poor understanding of S&T by the public through to members of Parliament, and misallocation of R&D funds (especially for military R&D with little civilian spin-off), the increasing costs of science running into financial stringency, the low morale and poor career structure for many scientists, and the extent to which past dreams remain unfulfilled.As Britain’s survival, in cultural and economic terms, depends upon a flourishing scientific base for an internationally competitive industry, remedial action is on the Labour party’s agenda. Strong possibilities include the appointment of a minister to represent S&T at cabinet level, and to have full supporting staff , and perhaps to be chairman of a new Council for Science and Technology, whose membership would be widely drawn. A commission like the US Office of Technology Assessment is also possible.Incentives for increased R&D efforts from industry would include careful use of the public sector purchasing power, changes in tax, provision of some state funds, civilian use of some military facilities, and a greater input to industrial R&D decisions from a more science-trained workforce.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.299

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScience is based on the professional creation and certification of knowledge which is tied to powerful interest groups, notably the state, corporations and the scientific profession itself. Patriarchy is based on male control of dominant social structures and the exclusion of women from poisitions of power through means such as direct discrimination, socialisation and the gender division of labour.Patriarchy within the scientific community is manifested through male control of elite positions and various exclusionary devices. The scientific method incorporates masculine features such as the objectification of nature. Scientific knowledge is masculine in its neglect of women’s experience and its adoption of paradigms built on assumptions of competition and hierarchy.Four model strategies are analysed for challenging masculine science and building alternatives. Each of these strategies has strengths and limitations. Between them there may be hope for denting masculine-science-as-usual.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.308

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe comparative performance of Europe, Japan and the US is examined in the development and application of new technologies. In many areas the EEC lags behind the USA and Japan – R&D expenditure is lower, earnings and corporate taxes, higher, and the number of researchers lower.There is an increase in the intemationalisation of technology fostered by collaboration between firms from different countries and the growing efforts by governments to exploit the technologies for national advantage.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.317

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractChanges affecting the field of ‘mental handicap’ are taking place in many societies. A combination of advances, in which science and technology have played a part, has lengthened the average span of life, removed the causes of a number of handicaps, improved the quality and potential quality of life in general, whilst providing better aids and better prospects for those who are handicapped.Some aspects of medical and related R&D are discussed.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.324

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractHow to put on socks, let alone tights, if you cannot reach your legs? Many such problems remain unanswered, despite a large possible market for suitable gadgets. Attempts to direct research towards such problems are hindered by social attitudes (the poor image of the handicapped) and by officialdom (the poor image of existing aids, and the problems of actually obtaining them).That techological solutions can be found is demonstrated by both successes that do exist, and by the commercial successes in developing and marketing products for use in the more socially acceptable contexts - such as walking aids for one-year olds (rather than for 80 year olds).This area provides good examples of research being influenced by social attitudes rather than by underlying needs.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.327

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe transfer of user-friendly computer technology to the disabled opens up new job and rehabilitation prospects. But there are many ’gatekeepers’ in the transfer process (manufacturers, health officials, etc), each able to close the gate before the technology is accessible to the disabled end-user.The Middle Eastern Ofakim project proved that the resistance of teachers can be overcome with appropriate training and that computers with ergonomics can greatly assist the disabled in communication and educational development.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.331

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractA survey of undergraduate attitudes to new technology is reported. It shows attitudes to be multidimensional, related to sex, and educational experiences, enmeshed in socio-economic belief systems (making them more resistant to change), and predictive of occupational aspirations. Attitudes to new technology were found to be highly influenced by the pattern of parental employment and contact with micro-computers at home.The implications for public attempts to increase the supply of skilled labour to the microelectronic industries is considered. It is suggested that campaigns to attract people into high technology careers must aim simultaneously both at generating new training opportunities, and at offering substantive evidence which will engender attitude change.

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.337

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractDrawing largely on experiences from Greece, this article outlines some practical constraints on policy for science and technology research in less industrialized countries – the inability of public administrators to solve day-to-day political problems, let alone to move onto technology policy, the undue emphasis placed on universities, the lack of discipline needed to keep to long-term plans, etc.Greek experience suggests that government should create agencies specializing in help to small businesses, create specialist laboratories within larger firms, and create new high-technology firms (with foreign partners when needed).

ISSN:0302-3427    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.6.341

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP